Bioligninolysis: Recent Updates for Biotechnological Solution

Abstract

Bioligninolysis involves living organisms and/or their products in degradation of lignin, which is highly resistant, plant-originated polymer having three-dimensional network of dimethoxylated (syringyl), monomethoxylated (guaiacyl), and non-methoxylated (p-hydroxyphenyl) phenylpropanoid and acetylated units. As a major repository of aromatic chemical structures on earth, lignin bears paramount significance for its removal owing to potential application of bioligninolytic systems in industrial production. Early reports illustrating the discovery and cloning of ligninolytic biocatalysts in fungi was truly a landmark in the field of enzymatic delignification. However, the enzymology for bacterial delignification is hitherto poorly understood. Moreover, the lignin-degrading bacterial genes are still unknown and need further exploration. This review deals with the current knowledge about ligninolytic enzyme families produced by fungi and bacteria, their mechanisms of action, and genetic regulation and reservations, which render them attractive candidates in biotechnological applications.

Investigating Aspergillus nidulans secretome during colonisation of cork cell walls

“…Better understanding of the enzymatic toolbox used by fungi during cork degradation is essential to promote the use of this renewable resource in bio-refinery. 4 •7H 2 O; 0.005 % KCl, was prepared as previously described [23].…”

Characterization of Dye-decolorizing Peroxidase (DyP) from Thermomonospora curvata Reveals Unique Catalytic Properties of A-type DyPs

“…Continuing interest in utilization of renewable biomass for generation of biofuels and fine chemicals has brought enormous attention to lignin that is the most abundant aromatic polymer on earth (1,2). However, due to its extreme recalcitrance, lignin degradation has to be performed under harsh conditions, such as strong acids and bases and high temperature, which will produce toxics to inhibit downstream treatment of the biomass (3).…”

Evaluating the potential of immobilized bacterial consortium for black liquor biodegradation

“…B-7 (Chen et al 2012), and Cupriavidus basilensis B-8 (Shi et al 2013a). All three enzymes possess different modes of action to target the highly recalcitrant and heterogeneous (phenolic and nonphenolic compounds) structures of lignin (Paliwal et al 2012). Therefore, the presence of all enzymes is very essential for effective bio-delignification.…”

“…In nature, these microorganisms involve strong class of oxidative enzymes, viz., lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and laccase (LAC), for breakdown of recalcitrant lignin polymer (Paliwal et al 2012;Linger et al 2014). Although, fungi have been extensively reported for nonspecific ligninolytic system, bacteria also possess excellent degradation capability due to their immense environmental adaptability and biochemical versatility (Chen et al 2012;Paliwal et al 2012;Shi et al 2013a;Linger et al 2014). Biological delignification is purely an enzymatic degradation process where three major enzymes and some accessory enzymes are required for complete degradation (Paliwal et al 2012).…”

“…Although, fungi have been extensively reported for nonspecific ligninolytic system, bacteria also possess excellent degradation capability due to their immense environmental adaptability and biochemical versatility (Chen et al 2012;Paliwal et al 2012;Shi et al 2013a;Linger et al 2014). Biological delignification is purely an enzymatic degradation process where three major enzymes and some accessory enzymes are required for complete degradation (Paliwal et al 2012). However, presence of all essential enzymes in single microorganism is difficult.…”