Biological Activities of Proteins and Marine‐derived Peptides from Byproducts and Seaweeds

Algal Proteins: Extraction, Application, and Challenges Concerning Production

“…Lectins and phycobiliproteins are two families of bioactive algal proteins which have been exploited for several industrial applications. Lectins are most commonly extracted from macroalgal sources, while phycobiliproteins are typically isolated from microalgae [ 126 ]. Phycobiliproteins, especially phycoerythrin, can constitute a significant proportion of the overall protein content in red algae, with levels of 1.2% (total dw) reported for P. palmata [ 127 ].…”

“…Bioactive peptides are particular amino acid sequences that can have additional physiological health benefits beyond their basic nutritional value [ 126 ]. These peptides are typically between 2 and 30 amino acids in length and have hormone-like properties.…”

“…Hypertension is the single largest risk factor attributed to deaths worldwide, making it an ideal target for bioactive peptides [ 237 ]. Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-I) is a proteolytic enzyme that affects vasoconstriction in two major blood pressure regulatory systems, namely renin-angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and kinin–kallikrein system, leading on to the development of hypertension ( Figure 2 ) [ 126 ]. ACE-I inhibitors have therefore become one of the most commonly studied targets, and with global annual sales exceeding US $6 billion, ACE-I inhibitory drugs can be considered as one of the major protease inhibitor success stories [ 238 ].…”

Arthrospira maxima OF15 biomass cultivation at laboratory and pilot scale from sugarcane vinasse for potential biological new peptides production

“…Bioactive peptides (BP) are specific protein fragments, they have a positive impact on body functions and may influence health (Singh et al, 2014). BP can be obtained from diverse raw materials, such as plants, macroalgae, microalgae, seafood, and fungi (Hayes, 2013).…”

“…These peptides act by preventing binding of other molecules to oxygen, and by the inhibition of freeradicals action (Kang et al, 2011). On the other hand, the antioxidant peptides can present aminoacids with nucleophilic sulfur-containing side chains (Cys and Met) or aromatic side chains (His, Tyr and Met), which can easily donate hydrogen atoms (Hayes, 2013). Also, ironchelating peptides have action in the metabolic pathways of autoxidation mechanisms and have the capacity to increase non-heme iron absorption and bioavaility in the body (Wu et al, 2012).…”