Biological Activity of Trichilia americana (Meliaceae) on Copitarsia decolora Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

The biological activity of extracts from Trichilia americana (Sesse and Mocino) T.D. Penn. (rind), Carica papaya L., Jatropha curcas L., Ricinus communis L., and Lupinus campestris Schldl. & Cham. (seeds), at 1% and 5%, were evaluated on neonates of Copitarsia decolora Guenée in ingestion bioassays. The plants that caused the highest percentage of larval mortality were T. americana at 1% and 5%, and Carica papaya at 5% with 98% and 100% and 100%, respectively. Trichilia americana was the plant with higher toxicological properties against C. decolora. Extracts in hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol from T. americana were then evaluated at 10, 100, 300, and 1,000 ppm also in ingestion bioassays against C. decolora. Extracts of ethyl acetate and acetone at 1,000 ppm recorded the highest percentages of larval mortality of C. decolora (90% and 55%, respectively). In addition to larval mortality, feeding on T. americana extract also decreased mean larval weight, prolonged duration of the larval stage, resulted in malformed pupae and adults, and affected adult fertility and fecundity. Finally, these extracts were evaluated in a toxicity model, for which the crustacean Artemia salina Leach was used. The ethyl acetate, acetone, and hexane extracts showed no toxicity to A. salina, while the methanol extract caused 30% mortality, which is considered to be slightly toxic. Based on the results obtained, T. americana is a species with insecticidal and insectistatic activity against C. decolora and can be considered as a potential insecticide for the management of this or other insect pests.

Factor Influencing Vaccine Rejection of Complete Basic Immunization in Indonesia

“…They can arise from a particular identity (religious, anthropological or otherwise [27], distrust of authority, or other factors. The groups, in this case, can be defined by where people live but can also be determined by ages, genders, socioeconomic status, educations, professions, and religions or beliefs [28]. Thus, a group can be an ethnic group, a specific city neighbourhood, or an online anti-vaccination group.…”

A Systematic Review of the Bioactivity of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) Extracts in the Control of Insect Pests

“…Figueroa-Brito et al [40] used an aqueous extract of J. curcas seed powder in bioassays of ingestion at 1 and 5% (v/v) against Copitarsia decolora (G.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and reported a 46% reduction in larval viability when 5% of the aqueous extract was used. Additionally, Figueroa-Brito et al [41] assessed the use of J. curcas acetone seed extracts (shell, kernel, and almond nut) against neonate larvae of C. decolora in experimental bioassays (250, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) and greenhouse tests (250, 500 and 1000 ppm) on B. oleracea plants.…”

“…The extract decreased feed consumption by 33%, relative growth by 42%, and feed conversion efficiency by 38% at 0.25 mg mL −1 . Feed intake reduction was the highest (39 and 45%) with 0.0625 and 0.125 mg Figueroa-Brito et al [40]/ Mexico Aqueous extract of J. curcas seed powder…”