Biological activity of nanostructured metallic materials for biomedical applications

Abstract

The successful integration of a biomedical device is governed by the surface properties of the material and also depends on the interaction with the physiological fluid. In this regard, bulk nanostructured materials are recently being recognised as potential implant materials alternative to conventional materials. The potential application of such next generation materials as biomedical implants has recently been evaluated by investigating the effect of wide range of grain sizes on multiple cell activities. In this review, recent advances in biomedical applications of bulk nanostructured materials are highlighted with special focus on the effect of phase reversion-induced nanograined size on protein adsorption and cell-material interactions. Furthermore, the effect of grain structure on antimicrobial effect is also discussed. Osteoblasts functions and cellular activity are promoted on the nanostructured surface in relation to the coarse-grained counterpart. Finally, the advantages of phase reversion approach to produce multifunctional bio-implant materials are addressed.

Enhanced Mechanical and Biological Performance of an Extremely Fine Nanograined 316L Stainless Steel Cell–Substrate Interface Fabricated by Ultrasonic Shot Peening

“…They evaluated the capability of severe shot peening to modulate the interactions of nanocrystalline metallic biomaterials with cells and found a significant enhancement in maintenance of osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on the NG-316L SS surface compared to the nontreated coarse-grained 316L SS (CG-316L SS) materials . Nune et al announced that bulk nanostructured materials are recognized as potential implant materials alternative to conventional materials because of the promoted cellular activities and antimicrobial on the NG surface compared to its CG counterparts . Misra et al used “phase reversion” plus a controlled deformation-annealing method to obtain a wide regime of grain sizes, starting from the NG regime (320 nm) to the CG regime (22 μ), and demonstrated that the grain size of the metallic surface significantly impacts cellular interaction and osteoblast functions. , In 2016, Yin et al reported a novel “net-like” NG cell–substrate metallic surface for human osteoblast cell’s function enhancement by increasing the surface energy and surface hydrophilicity via surface nanostructuring of 316L SS .…”

The influence of ultrafine‐grained structure on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of austenitic stainless steels

“…The beneficial strength–ductility combination in the present UFG steels resulted from elevated temperature of ECAP that enhanced recovery of the work‐hardened dislocation substructures during processing and retained the ability of the steels to mechanical twinning as seen in Figure . Thus, the present study opens up a promising alternative approach for the development of advanced materials for biomedical applications in addition to the phase reversion approach, which has been recently proposed to produce multifunctional bio‐implant materials (Nune & Misra, ).…”

Review of emerging nanotechnology in bone regeneration: progress, challenges, and perspectives

“…52 Furthermore, another study demonstrated that osteoblast function and cellular activity were promoted on a nanostructured metallic surface in relation to a coarse-grained counterpart. 53 Results of Palin and colleague's research also showed that nanostructured surfaces (nanophase titania and PLGA moulds of nanophase titania), without the influence of any other surface properties, improved adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. 54 Xu and co-workers used injectable nano-apatite scaffolds for cell/growth factor delivery for bone regeneration.…”