Biological and Photo-Chemical Effects of High Energy, Electrostatically Produced Roentgen Rays and Cathode Rays

Radiation-induced effects on some common storage edible seeds in India infested with surface microflora

“…Processes such as heating or using surface sterilizing chemicals are not very effective since they cannot eliminate the contaminating fungi totally and in the process drastically change the physicochemical properties of the seeds (Pixton, 1968;Flannigan, 1977;Sauer and Burroughs, 1980;Ramakrishana et al, 1991). Considering the problems of these conventional processes, interest has increased in the susceptibility of microbes to radiation since decades (Dunn et al, 1948;Bridges et al, 1956;Yen et al, 1956;IAEA-FAO, 1970, 1978Kiss and Farks, 1977). The decontamination method, which uses irradiation by gamma ray or fast electrons, has been receiving growing attention (Zeinab et al, 2000;Aziz et al, 1997;Ito et al, 1973).…”

Experimental Osteoplastic Cranioplasty with the Irradiated Homograft

“…8) reported that doses of 500,000 roentgens of high voltage X-rays usually destroyed all non-spore formers and 99.9% or more of spore formers. These authors suggested doses required to destroy bacteria with cathode rays appeared to be similar to that necessary with X-rays.…”

Electronic Sterilization

“…The most pertinent work on the pracbical application of the effects on microorganisms has come from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. An extensive list, published in 1948 (Dunn et al, 1948), gave lethal doses (100% inactivation) for a wide variety of micro-organisms, initial concentrations of loe to lo8 organisms/ml. being used in most cases.…”

“…THE lethal properties of X-rays, p a y s and other ionizing radiations have been known for over half a century, but only in the last decade (Brasch & Huber, 1947;Trump & Van de Graaff, 1948;Dunn, Campbell, Fram & Hutchins, 1948) has serious consideration been given to the possibility of using them for large-scale sterilization. Two features of this proposal are clear: a high eficiency of sterilization can be obtained and biological materials of many types show no gross damage after irradiation.…”