Biological Aspects and Proline Metabolism Genes Influenced by Polyethylene Glycol and Salicylic Acid in Two Wheat Cultivars

Abstract

D ROUGHT has become an important challenge in crop cultivation, so detection of drought-tolerant cultivars by screening existing genotypes is a valuable tool in the effort to attain food security worldwide. The drought stress tolerance of two wheat cultivars was determined through treatments with PEG (−0.4MPa) and SA (0.5mM). The resulting data on seed germination and seedling growth indicated that Misr-2 cultivar is more drought-tolerant than Gemaza-12. Under non-stress conditions, Misr-2 had higher pigment values, higher levels of soluble sugars (Glu, Fru, and Suc) and antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, APX, POX and SOD), but lower proline values than those in Gemaza-12. Gemmaza-12 had higher expression of proline synthesizing gene (P5CS) but lower expression of proline-degrading genes (ProDH and P5CDH) than Misr-2. Under drought conditions, Gemaza-12 needed more osmoregulators and antioxidants than Misr-2 to minimize the negative effects of drought and associated oxidative stresses. Increase percentages of soluble sugars, proline content and antioxidation enzymes were higher in Gemaza-12 than in Misr-2. Under drought stress, stimulation of P5CS and retardation of ProDH and P5CDH were higher in Gemaza-12 than in Misr-2. Although treatment of stressed plants with SA stimulated P5CS gene in both cultivars, retardation of ProDH and P5CDH was more pronounced in Gemaza-12 than in Misr-2. Consequently, we conclude that seed germination and seedling growth could be used to compare drought tolerance of wheat cultivars and seed soaking in SA improves drought tolerance. Our results confirmed that an increase in proline production is one of the symptoms of drought stress in plants.

Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors Induce Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Some Withanolide Compounds in the Callus Culture of Withania somnifera L.

“…Most of biotic and physical stimuli have demonstrated their inhibitory effect on the growth of biomass of plant cultures and the degree of the effect often varies according to the type of stimulus, its intensity and exposure time. Biotic and abiotic stresses can vigorously alter ion homeostasis, water balance, osmolyte regulation, programmed cell death and gene expression (Pareek et al, 2019;Loutfy et al, 2022;Budran et al, 2023;Drwish et al, 2023). In order to achieve sustainable production of withanolide compounds from tissue cultures, it is desirable to employ stimuli that do not exert a severe impact on plant cell growth, including their weights.…”

Biological Control of Pepper Soft Rot Disease Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum Using Rahnella aquatilis

“…Bacillus xiamenensis may increase proline synthesis in plants to help them withstand pathogen infection (Amna et al, 2020). Loutfy et al (2022) reported that, when there is a drought, proline buildup indicates plant damage brought on by stress. R. aquatilis 17 inoculations to pepper by foliar or root application caused a significant increase in total protein content while a significant reduction was associated with P. carotovorum inoculation by foliar inoculation.…”

Polyethylene Glycol Mediated Osmotic Stress Impacts on Growth and Biochemical Aspects of Wheat Under Artificial Osmotic Stress Condition

“…The osmotic stress brought on by the drought brought on by the depletion of subterranean water (PEG) influences ion transport and absorption throughout the plant's life cycle, from growth to crop production (Loutfy et al, 2022). An efficient method for modifying physiological characteristics and genetic processes that result in the breeding of superior cultivars is in-vitro drought resistance screening (Mahpara et al, 2022).…”