Biological challenges to effective vaccines in the developing world

Grassly, Nicholas C; Kang, Gagandeep; Kampmann, Beate

doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0138

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In addition to being the backbone of maternal and child health, vaccines provide important health benefits for all stages in life ( Table 2). Given adaptations of the immune system throughout life, not all vaccines work equally well at all stages of life or in all geographical regions 30,31 .…”

Section: Vaccination Is a Lifetime Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization: vital progress, unfinished agenda

Piot

Larson

O’Brien

et al. 2019

Nature

Self Cite

155

127

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Section: Vaccination Is a Lifetime Investmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization: vital progress, unfinished agenda

Piot

Larson

O’Brien

et al. 2019

Nature

Self Cite

155

127

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“…including the BCG vaccine and those against poliomyelitis and rotavirus. 10,11 Although many factors, such as genetics, 12 prior Ag exposure, and maternal vaccination, 13 can influence vaccine immunogenicity, several lines of evidence now suggest that the microbiota is also a significant factor. 14,15 In this review, we summarize the evidence that the gut microbiota can influence vaccine responses and discuss potential mechanisms through which this can occur ( Fig.…”

Section: Vaccines Primarily Mediate Protection By Inducing B Cells Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of the microbiota to influence vaccine responses

Lynn

Pulendran

2017

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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After clean water, vaccines are the primary public health intervention providing protection against serious infectious diseases. Antigen-specific antibody-mediated responses play a critical role in the protection conferred by vaccination; however these responses are highly variable among individuals. In addition, vaccine immunogenicity is frequently impaired in developing world populations, for reasons that are poorly understood. Although the factors that are associated with interindividual variation in vaccine responses are likely manifold, emerging evidence from mouse models and studies in human populations now suggests that the gut microbiome plays a key role in shaping systemic immune responses to both orally and parenterally administered vaccines. Herein, we review the evidence to date that the microbiota can influence vaccine responses and discuss the potential mechanisms through which these effects may be mediated. In addition, we highlight the gaps in this evidence and suggest future directions for research.

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“…Worryingly, a significant proportion of vaccinepreventable infections occur in vaccinated individuals (12). It is estimated that large numbers of vaccinated children are unprotected due to vaccine ineffectiveness, including 77 million from tuberculosis (TB) (following BCG vaccination), 19 million from measles, 18 million from poliomyelitis (following vaccination with inactivated polio vaccine [IPV]), and 10 million from pertussis and from pneumococcus (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination

2019

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SUMMARYThere is substantial variation between individuals in the immune response to vaccination. In this review, we provide an overview of the plethora of studies that have investigated factors that influence humoral and cellular vaccine responses in humans. These include intrinsic host factors (such as age, sex, genetics, and comorbidities), perinatal factors (such as gestational age, birth weight, feeding method, and maternal factors), and extrinsic factors (such as preexisting immunity, microbiota, infections, and antibiotics). Further, environmental factors (such as geographic location, season, family size, and toxins), behavioral factors (such as smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and sleep), and nutritional factors (such as body mass index, micronutrients, and enteropathy) also influence how individuals respond to vaccines. Moreover, vaccine factors (such as vaccine type, product, adjuvant, and dose) and administration factors (schedule, site, route, time of vaccination, and coadministered vaccines and other drugs) are also important. An understanding of all these factors and their impacts in the design of vaccine studies and decisions on vaccination schedules offers ways to improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy.

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Biological challenges to effective vaccines in the developing world

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Immunization: vital progress, unfinished agenda

Immunization: vital progress, unfinished agenda

The potential of the microbiota to influence vaccine responses

Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination

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