Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent?

Hughes, Lesley

doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(99)01764-4

Cited by 1,744 publications

(1,325 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Their extent and significance are likely to increase with global environmental change (Dukes & Mooney, 1999 ;Hughes, 2000;Smith et al, 2000 ;McKinney, 2001 ;Prinzig et al, 2002;Walther et al, 2002). Whilst these threats and their economic implications are now well documented for many regions (Vitousek et al, 1996 ;Pimentel et al, 2000), their sheer pervasiveness is less well appreciated .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications

Frénot

Chown

Whinam³

et al. 2005

Biol. Rev.

612

822

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Alien microbes, fungi, plants and animals occur on most of the sub-Antarctic islands and some parts of the Antarctic continent. These have arrived over approximately the last two centuries, coincident with human activity in the region. Introduction routes have varied, but are largely associated with movement of people and cargo in connection with industrial, national scientific program and tourist operations. The large majority of aliens are European in origin. They have both direct and indirect impacts on the functioning of speciespoor Antarctic ecosystems, in particular including substantial loss of local biodiversity and changes to ecosystem processes. With rapid climate change occurring in some parts of Antarctica, elevated numbers of introductions and enhanced success of colonization by aliens are likely, with consequent increases in impacts on ecosystems. Mitigation measures that will substantially reduce the risk of introductions to Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic must focus on reducing propagule loads on humans, and their food, cargo, and transport vessels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications

Frénot

Chown

Whinam³

et al. 2005

Biol. Rev.

612

822

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“…The relative importance of each mechanism will vary among species according to their life histories and the timescale considered (Gienapp, Teplitsky, Alho, Mills, & Merila, 2008). For instance, migration is only feasible for species with an alternative habitat and sufficient dispersal capacity to reach it (Hughes, 2000). Furthermore, phenotypic plasticity is predicted to be vital for populations enduring short‐term fluctuations in selection, whereas long‐term directional selection pressures are predicted to require phenotypic responses beyond the limits of plasticity alone (Munday, Warner, Monro, Pandolfi, & Marshall, 2013; Reusch, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The other 96%: Can neglected sources of fitness variation offer new insights into adaptation to global change?

Chirgwin

Marshall

Sgrò

et al. 2016

Evolutionary Applications

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Mounting research considers whether populations may adapt to global change based on additive genetic variance in fitness. Yet selection acts on phenotypes, not additive genetic variance alone, meaning that persistence and evolutionary potential in the near term, at least, may be influenced by other sources of fitness variation, including nonadditive genetic and maternal environmental effects. The fitness consequences of these effects, and their environmental sensitivity, are largely unknown. Here, applying a quantitative genetic breeding design to an ecologically important marine tubeworm, we examined nonadditive genetic and maternal environmental effects on fitness (larval survival) across three thermal environments. We found that these effects are nontrivial and environment dependent, explaining at least 44% of all parentally derived effects on survival at any temperature and 96% of parental effects at the most stressful temperature. Unlike maternal environmental effects, which manifested at the latter temperature only, nonadditive genetic effects were consistently significant and covaried positively across temperatures (i.e., parental combinations that enhanced survival at one temperature also enhanced survival at elevated temperatures). Thus, while nonadditive genetic and maternal environmental effects have long been neglected because their evolutionary consequences are complex, unpredictable, or seen as transient, we argue that they warrant further attention in a rapidly warming world.

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“…Opinions of various biologists with regard to climate change interactions on phenology, distribution of plants and animals, and their physiology differ (Hughes 2000) though.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

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Climate change is affecting birds worldwide. Such impacts have always been prevailing due to rising temperature or unpredictable rainfall that might be too abundant or little and which in turn bring about dire consequences upon the lives of the endemic bird known as Bali Myna (leucopsar rothschildi). In this paper, we propose a framework analysis describing the possible patterns of change in the distribution of Bali Myna (leucopsar rothschildi) population based on climate parameters such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity in hope to better have an improved quantitative methodology meant to identify and describe these patterns. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method recoursing to focus upon sites observation and a deep interview to be carried out while using SPSS 16 in order to know the variables correlation in hope to determine the plausible significance between them that allow us to analyze the effects of environmental variables on bird species in this study. We tested the proposed methodology using data from the West Bali National Park and the existing data of climate variables over the last decade where climate variables are considered to be significant factors influencing the lives of Bali Myna (leucopsar rothschildi). This study discovers that increases in temperature and precipitation each year have adversely affected the number of Bali Myna (leucopsar rothschildi) population indicating that the bird's survival capacity depends largely much on temperature. Besides, it has been perceived that Bali Myna is very reproductive in rainy season but its fluctuations whether high or low impacts them as well. The distribution mapping shows a decline of population in 2006 while an increase was perceived during the last five year period of 2011-2015. Besides, over the same period, a slight increase of 0.4°C in mean temperature was noticed, precisely in Cekik our research site where Bali Myna (leucopsar rothschildi) are.

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Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent?

Cited by 1,744 publications

References 38 publications

Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications

Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications

The other 96%: Can neglected sources of fitness variation offer new insights into adaptation to global change?

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