Biological Contributions to Addictions in Adolescents and Adults: Prevention, Treatment, and Policy Implications

Potenza, Marc N.

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.05.007

Cited by 61 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 204 publications

(250 reference statements)

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“…Taken together, the differential relationship between different possible risk factors and problem-gambling severity highlights the importance of considering co-occurring conditions in understanding the health characteristics of adolescents with and without ARPG. Further research investigating the etiologies of these associations is needed to better inform prevention and other interventions efforts (Potenza 2013; Slavin et al 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adolescence is an important developmental epoch characterized by elevated rates of impulsive and risk-seeking behaviors, making it a potentially vulnerable period for the development of addictions (Chambers et al 2003; Potenza 2013). Compulsive or problem shopping (PS) and problem/pathological gambling share many key clinical features of addictions (Hollander et al 2006; Potenza 2006; Grant et al 2011; Potenza 2013), and elevated rates of both have been reported among adolescents (Grant et al 2011; Villella et al 2011; Yip et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compulsive or problem shopping (PS) and problem/pathological gambling share many key clinical features of addictions (Hollander et al 2006; Potenza 2006; Grant et al 2011; Potenza 2013), and elevated rates of both have been reported among adolescents (Grant et al 2011; Villella et al 2011; Yip et al 2011). Adults with PS and pathological gambling (PG) frequently report an age-of-onset prior to 18 years of age (Volberg 1994; Roberts 1998; Lynch 2004), suggesting that problematic buying and gambling behaviors typically begin early and may have effects into adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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At-Risk/Problematic Shopping and Gambling in Adolescence

et al. 2014

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Elevated levels of both pathological gambling (PG) and problem shopping (PS) have been reported among adolescents, and each is associated with a range of other negative health/functioning measures. However, relationships between PS and PG, particularly during adolescence, are not well understood. In this study, we explored the relationship between different levels of problem-gambling severity and health/functioning characteristics, gambling-related social experiences, gambling behaviors and motivations among adolescents with and without at-risk/problematic shopping (ARPS). Survey data from Connecticut high school students (n=2,100) were analyzed using bivariate analyses and logistic regression modeling. Although at-risk/problematic gambling (ARPG) was not increased among adolescents with ARPS, adolescents with ARPG (versus non-gamblers) were more likely to report having experienced a growing tension or anxiety that could only be relieved by shopping and missing other obligations due to shopping. In comparison to the non-ARPS group, a smaller proportion of respondents in the ARPS group reported paid part-time employment, whereas a greater proportion of respondents reported excessive gambling by peers and feeling concerned over the gambling of a close family member. In general, similar associations between problem-gambling severity and measures of health/functioning and gambling-related behaviors and motivations were observed across ARPS and non-ARPS adolescents. However, associations were weaker among ARPS adolescents for several variables: engagement in extracurricular activities, alcohol and caffeine use and gambling for financial reasons. These findings suggest a complex relationship between problem-gambling severity and ARPS. They highlight the importance of considering co-occurring risk behaviors such as ARPS when treating adolescents with at-risk/problem gambling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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At-Risk/Problematic Shopping and Gambling in Adolescence

et al. 2014

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“…Impulsivity, whether measured by self-report, observer-report, or behavioral performance, is a robust predictor of current and future problems with substance use Jentsch & Taylor, 1999;Moeller et al, 2001;Moffitt et al, 2011;Nigg et al, 2006;Potenza, 2013;Tarter et al, 2003). In children, its association with future substance use remains even after controlling for other markers of risk, including low IQ, socioeconomic status, and parental history of substance dependence (Moffitt et al, 2011;Nigg et al, 2006;Tarter et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsivity: Four ways five factors are not basic to addiction

Gullo

Loxton

Dawe

2014

Addictive Behaviors

157

138

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Several impulsivity-related models have been applied to understanding the vulnerability to addiction. While there is a growing consensus that impulsivity is multifaceted, debate continues as to the precise number of facets and, more critically, which are most relevant to explaining the addiction-risk profile. In many ways, the current debate mirrors that which took place in the personality literature (e.g., Eysenck's 'Big Three' versus Costa and McCrae's 'Big Five').Indeed, many elements of this debate are relevant to the current discussion of the role of impulsivity in addictive behavior. Specifically, 1) the use of factor analysis as an atheoretical 'truth-grinding machine'; 2) whether additional facets add explanatory power over fewer; 3) the delineation of specific neurocognitive pathways from each facet to addictive behaviors, and; 4) the relative merit of 'top-down' versus 'bottom-up' approaches to the understanding of impulsivity. Ultimately, the utility of any model of impulsivity and addiction lies in its heuristic value and ability to integrate evidence from different levels of analysis. Here, we make the case that theoretically-driven, bottom-up models proposing two factors deliver the optimal balance of explanatory power, parsimony, and integration of evidence.Keywords: impulsivity, addiction, substance use, alcohol, urgency, UPPS 3 IntroductionImpulsivity, whether measured by self-report, observer-report, or behavioral performance, is a robust predictor of current and future problems with substance use Jentsch & Taylor, 1999;Moeller et al., 2001;Moffitt et al., 2011;Nigg et al., 2006;Potenza, 2013;Tarter et al., 2003). In children, its association with future substance use remains even after controlling for other markers of risk, including low IQ, socioeconomic status, and parental history of substance dependence (Moffitt et al., 2011;Nigg et al., 2006;Tarter et al., 2003). Not surprisingly, the construct is of great interest to addiction scientists.In addiction science, there is an emerging consensus that impulsive drug use involves two core processes observable at the neurophysiological, behavioral, cognitive, and trait. The first involves a heightened propensity or impulse to approach drugs and the second involves a reduced capacity to inhibit this approach behavior. The summary presented in Table 1 highlights the considerable overlap of different theoretical models in the importance placed on these two fundamental processes that have been derived from multiple researchers across diverse methodological investigations. -----------------------------INSERT TABLE 1 HERE-----------------------------Whilst a two-factor model is attractive in its parsimony, other researchers have proposed that a more useful way to consider impulsivity is to develop a more nuanced delineation of subtypes. This would have important implications for addiction science. In an attempt to "bring order to the myriad of measures and conceptions of impulsivity", Whiteside and Lynam (2001, p. 684) drew upon the Five Factor...

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“…Variation in personality features such as impulsiveness, risk-taking and novelty seeking may contribute to the initiation of drug use as well to the progression to addiction [2]. It is well documented that reduced impulse control, or impulsivity is a characteristic feature of addiction [62,63] and is a premorbid marker of risk taking, with clear biological basis [64]. Several personality researchers have viewed impulsivity, sensation-seeking and risk taking as related personality traits [65][66][67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Risk-Taking Behaviour and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism Correlates to Decreased Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level in Heroin Users

Roviš¹,

Černelič-Bizjak²,

Vasiljev³

et al. 2018

Eur Addict Res

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Background: This study has examined the relationships and interactions between serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and self-reported risk-taking behaviour in individuals with a history of heroin use undergoing outpatient treatment in comparison to healthy individuals. Methods: We enrolled 167 heroin users and 86 healthy subjects and examined serum BDNF levels, Val66Met polymorphism, and personal characteristics using Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, Risk-taking (RT) propensity questionnaire, and Personality Assessment Inventory. Results: Heroin users had significantly higher serum BDNF levels than controls. In addition, serum BDNF levels were significantly higher in Val/Val carriers than in Met/Val or Met/Met in all recruited subjects. Furthermore, a stepwise multiple regression analysis of serum BDNF levels as a dependent variable with related factors showed that in heroin users, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test score, anxiety and RT score were found as independent contributors to serum BDNF levels. When performing gene-environment interaction it was additionally found that heroin users with self-reported high risk-taking behaviour had significantly lower levels of serum BDNF among heroin users with the Met allele. Conclusions: These results indicate that genetic variant Met66 decreased the serum BDNF levels in combination with self-reported risk-taking propensity among heroin users. If results of future work confirm the influence of this combined effect between neurotrophic genotype and risk-taking behaviour, 66Met carriers might require higher levels of intervention to overcome their drug use pattern and risky behaviour.

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Biological Contributions to Addictions in Adolescents and Adults: Prevention, Treatment, and Policy Implications

Cited by 61 publications

References 204 publications

At-Risk/Problematic Shopping and Gambling in Adolescence

At-Risk/Problematic Shopping and Gambling in Adolescence

Impulsivity: Four ways five factors are not basic to addiction

Increased Risk-Taking Behaviour and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism Correlates to Decreased Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level in Heroin Users

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