Biological Control of Charcoal Rot in Peanut Crop through Strains of Trichoderma spp., in Puebla, Mexico

Abstract

Charcoal rot is an emerging disease for peanut crops caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. In Mexico, peanut crop represents an important productive activity for various rural areas; however, charcoal rot affects producers economically. The objectives of this research were: (a) to identify and morphologically characterize the strain “PUE 4.0” associated with charcoal rot of peanut crops from Buenavista de Benito Juárez, belonging to the municipality of Chietla in Puebla, Mexico; (b) determine the in vitro and in vivo antagonist activity of five Trichoderma species on M. phaseolina, and (c) determine the effect of the incidence of the disease on peanut production in the field. Vegetable tissue samples were collected from peanut crops in Puebla, Mexico with the presence of symptoms of charcoal rot at the stem and root level. The “PUE 4.0” strain presented 100% identity with M. phaseolina, the cause of charcoal rot in peanut crops from Buenavista de Benito Juárez. T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed the highest development rate, the best growth speed, and the highest percentage of radial growth inhibition (PIRG) over M. phaseolina (71.11%) under in vitro conditions, in addition, T. koningiopsis (T-K11) showed higher production (1.60 ± 0.01 t/ha−1) and lower incidence of charcoal rot under field conditions. The lowest production with the highest incidence of the disease occurred in plants inoculated only with M. phaseolina (0.67 ± 0.01 t/ha−1) where elongated reddish-brown lesions were observed that covered 40% of the total surface of the main root.

Antagonism and molecular identification of <i>Trichoderma</i> isolated from rhizosphere of medicinal plants

“…Similar mean inhibition was observed by Choudhary et al (2021), where T. harzianum, which restricted the growth of the fungus by 67.59% in relation to the control, stood out. Martínez-Salgado et al (2021) reported the highest percentage of growth inhibition of this phytopathogen (71.11%) by T. koningipsis. According to studies by Paul et al (2021), the antagonism exhibited by T. harzianum ranged between 75.01 and 78.22%.…”

“…Screening of the antagonist potential of Trichoderma isolates has been demonstrated in scientific works for several plant pathogenic fungi, such as Macrophomina phaseolina (El-Benawy et al, 2020, Choudhary et al, 2021, Martínez-Salgado et al, 2021, Paul et al, 2021; Fusarium spp. (Pellan et al, 2020;Kumar et al, 2021;Yassin et al, 2021); Sclerotium rolfsii (Kotasthane et al, 2014;Kamel et al, 2020;Blanco et al, 2021) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Marques et al, 2016;Amaral et al, 2018;Sumida et al, 2018;Carvalho et al, 2019).…”

FIRST REPORT OF BASAL ROT CAUSED BY Fusarium equiseti IN ONION CROPS FROM PUEBLA, MEXICO

“…with a germination percentage of 90% were used for pathogenicity tests. Plants of 30 days old (10 cm tall and 5 mm in diameter) were individually placed in a plastic pot (1 L) containing a sterilized mixture of peatmoss and Agrellite (1:1 v/v) (Martínez-Salgado et al 2021). The plants were kept under greenhouse conditions (70% RH, 28 °C) in two separate areas.…”

Trichoderma and its role in biological control of plant fungal and nematode disease

“… Manganiello et al (2018) found that the volatile secondary metabolites secreted by T. viride TG050 609 can cause the mycelium of P. nicotianae to grow irregularly, break, or even dissolve, proving that T. viride has an antibiosis effect on P. nicotianae . In addition, most Trichoderma strains can produce antimicrobial substances such as pentaibols, which can inhibit a variety of plant pathogenic fungi and can also cooperate with cell wall-degrading enzymes on pathogenic fungi to effectively inhibit their growth ( Debode et al, 2018 ; Mayo-Prieto et al, 2019 ; Kovács et al, 2021 ; Martínez-Salgado et al, 2021 ; Tamizi et al, 2022 ). Some studies have shown that some Trichoderma spp.…”