Biological Control of Insect Pest

Abstract

Among all the crops, the total loss due to the pests varied for each crop likely for wheat 50%, cotton 80%, maize 31%, rice 37%, potatoes 40%, and soybean 26%. Environmental stewardship and food security are the most important factors that involved in agriculture. In many cases by the misuse of insecticide led to population resurgence, pesticide residues, and pest resistance. The microorganisms like virus, fungus, protozoan or bacterium are the active ingredient in this type of pesticides. Safety of food alludes to the conditions and practices that save the quality of food to anticipate tainting and food borne sicknesses. Natural enemies and botanicals play a vital role to control pests with different mechanisms. Microbial, for example, microscopic organisms, growths, and infections are the major biopesticides being concentrated generally to create contrasting options to chemicals. The number and development rate of biopesticides demonstrate an expanding promoting pattern in recent decades. Biopesticides are host particular and biodegradable bringing about slightest persistency of leftover poisonous quality. Biopesticides make key commitments to IPM and can enormously lessen ordinary pesticides. Nowadays, the globe is working on proteinbased biopesticide, and it is very effective method to control the insect pest.

Estimating the Cost of Production of Two Pentatomids and One Braconid for the Biocontrol of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize Fields in Florida

“…Despite control differences, organic farming shares similar benefits for using natural enemies, and is often more likely to be adopted [ 23 ]. Biological control is a longstanding approach that predates insecticides and regulates the pest population through many agents, such as natural enemies [ 24 , 25 ]. As an ecosystem service, biological control provides many unrecognized benefits, and a constant population presence of natural enemies that can be manipulated to improve its efficacy for pest control [ 26 ].…”

“…As an ecosystem service, biological control provides many unrecognized benefits, and a constant population presence of natural enemies that can be manipulated to improve its efficacy for pest control [ 26 ]. Natural enemies emerged in many cases as an alternative to the adverse effects of conventional control in our ecosystems due to its increased sustainability [ 25 ]. A practical method for S. frugiperda control in the Americas is biological control agents [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

In vitro virulence of three Lecanicillium lecanii strains against the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

“…It causes economic losses in many crops, including leafy vegetables, cotton, beans, and tomatoes (Fontes et al 2012). The application of chemical pesticides leads to increase resistance and has a negative environmental impact that encourages the development of alternative pest management strategies, where microbial control plays a key role (Nazir et al 2019b). Application of microbial control agents mainly entomopathogenic fungi isolates (EPFs) has been examined to control various orchard and field crop pests (Lacey and Shapiro-Ilan 2008).…”

The effects of antibiotics on the reproductive physiology targeting ovaries in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus

“…However, there are many kinds of antibiotics in the mosquito habitats. Antibiotics have been used to remove bacteria including Wolbachia from the mosquito (Endersby‐Harshman, Axford, & Hoffmann 2019; Nazir, Khan, & Qiu 2019; Scates, O'neal, & Anderson 2019).…”