Biological Control of Microbial Plant Pathogens

Abstract

The book describes the biological ways in which diseases of plants, caused by pathogenic microbes, can be controlled without the use of chemical pesticides. The basis of biocontrol (in microbiology, ecology and plant pathology) is described and many examples of control measures in commercial use or development are given. There is increasing interest in biocontrol from the general public, environmentalists and the major world agrochemical companies, and this easily read text presents recent developments in the subject. The book provides enough references and literature citations to allow a more detailed investigation of particular diseases or control systems to be made. This textbook is suitable for graduate and undergraduate students in botany, biology, microbiology, plant pathology, agriculture, horticulture, crop science, microbial ecology, crop protection and related courses.

Evaluation of pathogenic isolates in Ethiopia for the control of chocolate spot in Faba bean

“…were well adapted for nutrient and better survivors against the pathogen in controlling the chocolate spot pathogen. Campbell (1994) suggested that screening must select for organisms adapted to the environment in which they are to operate. According to Sherga (1997), Bacillus isolates can be used as a biocontrol agent against Botrytis fabae and Botrytis cinarea.…”

Aislamiento y evaluación in vitro de antagonistas de Botrytis cinerea en mora.

“…Esto ha sido observado en experimentos realizados por Bell et al (1982) quienes hallaron que un 65% de las cepas de este hongo se ubicaron en la clase I al evaluarse contra R. solani G-2 La competencia por nutrientes y sustrato en la superficie de las plantas es un importante mecanismo de combate biológico contra los patógenos que dependen de alimentación externa, como es el caso de B. cinerea (Elad y Chet 1987, Roberts 1990). De acuerdo a Campbell (1989) Botrytis es altamente vulnerable a la competencia por nutrientes y sustrato, lo cual le confiere cierta desventaja frente a otros microorganismos habitantes del carpoplano. Lo anterior ha sido aprovechado por diferentes antagonistas, donde T. viride y T. polysporum combatieron efectivamente a B. cinerea en el cultivo de fresa (Tronsmo y Dennis 1977).…”

“…Se ha observado que cepas de Trichoderma sp. varían mucho en su efecto antagónico debido a la versatilidad de mecanismos que posee, los cuales se expresan dependiendo de las condiciones ambientales prevalentes (Campbell 1989).…”

Biological and chemical control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using Trichoderma spp. and Ulocladium atrum and pathogenicity to bean plants

“…This inhibition was probably related to the capacity of production of antibiotic substances by these antagonists, which could affect the pathogen development (Chet and Baker, 1981;Blakeman and Fokkema, 1982;Papavizas, 1985). Campbell (1989) reported some effects caused by antibiotic substances liberated by antagonists such as reduction or paralysis of mycelium growth and sporulation, reduction in spore germination, besides distortions on hyphae and plasmolysis. Microscopic observation of the interaction area between the colonies of antagonists and phytopathogen showed morphological alterations such as: parallel growth of antagonist and of pathogen, formation of hyphae rings, with rolling up of hyphae, hyphae fragmentation, mycelium without protoplasmatic content and the penetration of the hyphae from S. sclerotiorum by all Trichoderma isolates.…”