Biological Detoxification of Mycotoxins: Current Status and Future Advances

Liu, Lu; Xie, Mei

doi:10.3390/ijms23031064

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, studies related to biological control indicate that microorganisms, such as bacteria, can mitigate mycotoxins, preventing their presence in food, both for humans and animals [57]. In addition, the ability of lactic acid bacteria to remove mycotoxins has been studied by other authors [58,59], including the mycotoxins analyzed in our work Aflatoxin B1 [60] and Ochratoxin [61]. Our tested strains showed probiotic potential, antifungal activity, and mycotoxin adsorption capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Probiotic and Antifungal Attributes of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolates from Naturally Fermented Brazilian Table Olives

et al. 2022

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Research with fermented olives as a source of wild Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains with probiotic and biotechnological characteristics constitutes a promising field of work. The present study evaluated in vitro probiotic, antifungal, and antimycotoxigenic potential of LAB isolates from naturally fermented Brazilian table olives. Among fourteen LAB isolates, the Levilactobacillus brevis CCMA 1762, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus CCMA 1768, and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CCMA 1770 showed potential probiotic and antifungal properties. The isolates showed resistance to pH 2.0 (survival ≥ 84.55), bile salts (survival ≥ 99.44), and gastrointestinal tract conditions (survival ≥ 57.84%); hydrophobic cell surface (≥27%); auto-aggregation (≥81.38%); coaggregation with Escherichia coli INCQS 00181 (≥33.97%) and Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 564 (≥53.84%); adhesion to the epithelial cell line Caco-2 (≥5.04%); antimicrobial activity against the bacteria S. Enteritidis ATCC 564 (≥6 mm), Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19117 (≥6 mm), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 8702 (≥3 mm), and the fungi Penicillium nordicum MUM 08.16 (inhibition ≥ 64.8%). In addition, the strains showed the ability to adsorb the mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 (≥40%) and ochratoxin A (≥34%). These results indicate that LAB strains from naturally fermented Brazilian table olives are potentially probiotic and antifungal candidates that can be used for food biopreservation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Probiotic and Antifungal Attributes of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolates from Naturally Fermented Brazilian Table Olives

et al. 2022

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“…The T-2 and deacetylated HT-2 toxins are members of the large group of trichothecene mycotoxins (over 190 derivatives) containing a tetracyclic ring system (61). Mycotoxins are highly toxic fungal metabolites frequently contaminating food and feed and causing negative effects on human health, animals, and economy (62,63). While physical and chemical methods have been used to detoxify mycotoxins, biological detoxification using enzymes or microbes is more attractive due to specificity, safety, and costs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophilic carboxylesterases from hydrothermal vents of the volcanic island of Ischia active on synthetic and biobased polymers and mycotoxins

Distaso¹,

Chernikova²,

Bargiela³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Hydrothermal vents have a widespread geographical distribution and are of high interest for investigating microbial communities and robust enzymes for various industrial applications. We examined microbial communities and carboxylesterases of two terrestrial hydrothermal vents of the volcanic island of Ischia (Italy) predominantly composed of Firmicutes (Geobacillus and Brevibacillus spp.), Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. High-temperature enrichment cultures with the polyester plastics polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA) resulted in an increase of Thermus and Geobacillus spp., and to some extent, Fontimonas and Schleiferia spp. The screening at 37-70°C of metagenomic fosmid library from above enrichment cultures resulted in identification and successful production in Escherichia coli of three hydrolases (IS10, IS11 and IS12), all derived from yet uncultured Chloroflexota and showing low sequence identity (33-56%) to characterized enzymes. Enzymes exhibited maximal esterase activity at temperatures 70-90°C, with IS11 showing the highest thermostability (90% activity after 20 min incubation at 80°C). IS10 and IS12 were highly substrate-promiscuous and hydrolysed all 51 monoester substrates tested. Enzymes were active with polyesters (PLA and polyethylene terephthalate model substrate, 3PET) and mycotoxin T-2 (IS12). IS10 and IS12 had a classical α/β hydrolase core domain with a serine hydrolase catalytic triad (Ser155, His280, and Asp250) in the hydrophobic active sites. The crystal structure of IS11 resolved at 2.92 Å revealed the presence of the N-terminal β-lactamase-like domain and C-terminal lipocalin domain. The catalytic cleft of IS11 includes catalytic residues Ser68, Lys71, Tyr160, and Asn162, whereas the lipocalin domain encloses the catalytic cleft like a lid contributing to substrate binding. Thus, this study has identified novel thermotolerant carboxylesterases with a broad substrate range including polyesters and mycotoxins for potential applications in biotechnology.IMPORTANCEHigh-temperature-active microbial enzymes are important biocatalysts for many industrial applications including recycling of synthetic and biobased polyesters increasingly used in textiles, fibres, coatings and adhesives. Here, we have discovered three novel thermotolerant carboxylesterases (IS10, IS11 and IS12) from high-temperature enrichment cultures from the Ischia hydrothermal vents incubated with biobased polymers. The identified metagenomic enzymes originated from uncultured Chloroflexota and showed low sequence similarity to known carboxylesterases. Active sites of IS10 and IS12 had the largest “effective volumes” among the characterized prokaryotic carboxylesterases and exhibited high substrate promiscuity, including hydrolysis of polyesters and mycotoxin T-2 (IS12). Though less promiscuous compared to IS10 and IS12, IS11 had a higher thermostability with high temperature optimum (80-90 °C) for activity, hydrolysed polyesters, and its crystal structure revealed an unusual lipocalin domain likely involved in substrate binding. The polyesterase activity in these enzymes makes them attractive candidates for further optimisation and potential application in plastics recycling.

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“…These nonpathogenic microorganisms can be incorporated into many types of products, for instance, foods, dietary supplements and drugs. The most widely studied and used microbial organisms as probiotics are Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium , Saccharomyces , Streptococcus , Enterococcus , Escherichia and Bacillus (Liu et al ., 2022). Probiotic bacteria and yeast provide several advantages, such as alleviating symptoms of lactose intolerance, preserving intestinal homeostasis and modulation of immune and inflammatory responses (Afshar et al ., 2020; Danial et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Probiotics' Mechanism Of Action On Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also recognised that probiotic strains bind mycotoxins and decontamination in foods. There are two main mechanisms of action by which AFs can be detoxified biologically: adsorption or binding and degradation (Rajendran et al ., 2021; Liu et al ., 2022). These roles are related to viable and nonviable microorganisms and their cells fragments.…”

Section: Probiotics' Mechanism Of Action On Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging technologies in combination with probiotics for aflatoxins removal: an updated review

Abdolmaleki

Javanmardi

Gavahian

et al. 2022

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Summary Aflatoxins are known for their high toxicity, and their presence in food is associated with a high health risk. The levels were set for aflatoxin in different foodstuffs to protect public health. Various chemical, physical, and biological methods have been reported for decontamination and detoxifying aflatoxins. Among biological methods, probiotics have an important role in the decontamination of aflatoxins. At the same time, some emerging food processing technologies showed promising results in aflatoxin degradation. This article reviewed significant studies of the last four years that investigated the effects of probiotics on the degradation rate of aflatoxins. Discussions on the possible contribution of emerging technologies along with probiotics are also provided. The results showed that the bioavailability of aflatoxins was reduced by adsorption or binding to probiotics’ cell walls, which increased their excretion rate. Besides, the amount of aflatoxin absorbed by probiotics depends on several parameters, including the complexity of the food matrix. Therefore, probiotics can be used as an effective method to reduce the absorption of aflatoxins in combination with other methods.

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Biological Detoxification of Mycotoxins: Current Status and Future Advances

Cited by 71 publications

References 117 publications

Probiotic and Antifungal Attributes of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolates from Naturally Fermented Brazilian Table Olives

Probiotic and Antifungal Attributes of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolates from Naturally Fermented Brazilian Table Olives

Thermophilic carboxylesterases from hydrothermal vents of the volcanic island of Ischia active on synthetic and biobased polymers and mycotoxins

Emerging technologies in combination with probiotics for aflatoxins removal: an updated review

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