Biological Effects and Safety in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review

Hartwig, Valentina; Giovannetti, Giulio; Vanello, Nicola; Lombardi, Massimo; Landini, Luigi; Simi, Silvana

doi:10.3390/ijerph6061778

Cited by 202 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…[5][6][7] Günümüzde, MRG sistemleri ile ilgili oluşturulan güvenlik standartları hastaları oluşabilecek bu tehlikelerden ve yaralanmalardan korumak için yeterlidir. [7][8][9][10][11] Bunun yanında, MRG cihazıyla çalışan teknisyenler çalışma saatleri boyunca günlük olarak statik manyetik alanın etkisi altında kalmaktadırlar. Bu etkilenim, magnetin giriş bölümünde teknisyenlerin hastayı yerleştirmesi ve sargı (coil) seçimi sırasında MRG cihazının bulunduğu odada gerçekleşmektedir.…”

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“…[6][7][8][9] Bu yüzden, MRG teknisyenlerini ilgilendiren kronik etkilenim SMA'dan ve bunun biyolojik etkilerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. [6][7][8][9][10] Bu çalışmada MRG cihazlarının oluşturduğu SMA'nın çalışanların kemik sağlığı üzerine etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Literatürde, SMA'nın kemik üzerine etkileri ile ilgili çelişkili bilgiler bulunmaktadır.…”

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Are there any adverse effects of static magnetic field from magnetic resonance imaging devices on bone health of workers?

Gungor

Ök

Akkaya

et al. 2014

Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi

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Amaç: Bu çalışmada, manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) cihazlarının oluşturduğu statik manyetik alanın (SMA) MRG çalışanlarının kemik sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri araştırıldı. Gereç ve yöntemler: En az iki yıl boyunca 1.5 Tesla MRG cihazı ile çalışan 14 gönüllü MRG teknisyeni çalışmaya dahil edildi. Cinsiyet ve yaş eşleştirilmesi yapıldıktan sonra aynı kriterler gözetilerek, SMA'ya maruz kalmayan ve kapalı alanda çalışan 14 paramedikal gönüllü personelden kontrol grubu oluşturuldu. Tüm katılımcılara dual-enerji X-ray absopsiyometri (DXA) görüntülemesi uygulandı. Paratiroid hormon, kalsiyum, fosfor, alkalen fosfataz, 25-hidroksivitamin D3, ve 1.25-dihidroksivitamin D3 seviyeleri ölçüldü. Bulgular: MRG teknisyenlerinin vertebra ve femur boynu ortalama kemik mineral içeriği (KMİ) ve ortalama kemik mineral yoğunluğu (KMY) ile birlikte ortalama 25-hidroksivitamin D3 değerleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı oranda düşük bulundu (p<0.01). Referans sınırlarda olmasına rağmen MRG teknisyenlerinin kalsiyum düzeyleri, kontrol grubuna kıyasla, daha yüksek olarak tespit edildi (p<0.05). Ölçülen diğer parametrelerde gruplar arası istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık görülmedi. Sonuç: Mevcut bilgilerimize göre, MRG cihazlarının oluş-turduğu SMA'nın çalışanların kemik sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkilerinin olduğu ilk kez saptandı. Ancak SMA'ya kronik maruziyetin kemik metabolizmasına etkisinin daha iyi anlaşı-labilmesi için çokmerkezli çalışmalara ve hayvan deneylerine gereksinim vardır.Anahtar sözcükler: Kemik yoğunluğu; manyetik alanlar; manyetik rezonans görüntüleme; mesleki etkilenim; vitamin D. Objectives:In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of static magnetic field (SMF) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices on the bone health of MRI workers. Materials and methods: Fourteen volunteer MRI technicians working with 1.5 Tesla MRI units at least for two years were included in the study. An age and sex-matched control group from indoor working 14 volunteer paramedical staff who were not exposed to SMF and met the identical criteria was formed. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning was performed in all participants. Parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, and 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels were measured. Results: The mean vertebral and femoral neck bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) as well as the mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level of MRI technicians was found to be lower than the control group (p<0.01). Despite presenting within the normal range, the mean calcium level of MRI technicians was higher than the control group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in other variables between the groups. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, adverse effects of SMF from MRI devices on the bone health of MRI workers were detected for the first time. However, further multicenter studies and animal experiments are required to gain a better understanding of the mechanism that how the SMF affects bone health in chronic ...

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Are there any adverse effects of static magnetic field from magnetic resonance imaging devices on bone health of workers?

Gungor

Ök

Akkaya

et al. 2014

Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi

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“…The current findings of MF effect on stem cell differentiation may open a new prospective, in particular the use of MF to direct the differentiation processes of stem cells into a specific cellular phenotype without the aid of gene transfer technologies [25]. On the other hand, there are increasing public interests of possible health risk associated with ELF-MF [8], [18], [60]. Therefore, fundamental studies are necessary to ensure the safe method to differentiate stem cell into specific cell through MF exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Study on Magnetic Fields Effects on Stem Cell Differentiation

Miskon

Uslama

2011

IFMBE Proceedings

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Abstract-The objective of this paper is to provide the fundamental mathematical formula to predict the effect of magnetic fields (MF) on stem cell differentiation. The data were reviewed from journals related to the effects of magnetic fields on stem cell differentiation. These data were given a value for differentiation which is related to their MF strength with these conditions; MF strength that does not affect the stem cell differentiation given the value of zero, MF strength that results in stem cells death given the value of 1, and the MF strength that affects stem cells The differentiation given the value between 0.1 and 0.9. graph was plotted according to these data and the mathematical equation is designed from the graph. From this review, we suggest that the intensity of MF that can affect the stem cell differentiation is between 600µT and 9.4T in which the cell differentiation will not occur with intensity of less than 10µT and intensity of more than 12T will cause the death of stem cells. We also suggest that the limit of MF effects on stem cell differentiation lies between 10 µT and 600 µT, and the limit of MF strength that can lead to the death of stem cells lies between 9.4 T and 12 T. It can be concluded that the exposure of MF on stem cell differentiation depends not only on the MF intensity, but also on the period of exposure.

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“…While the whole data does not confirm a risk hypothesis, it suggests a need for further studies and prudent use in order to avoid unnecessary examinations, according to the precautionary principle [33]. In 2003, the FDA declared nonsignificant risk status for MRI clinical systems generating static fields up to 8T [34].…”

Section: Effects Of Exposure To Anthropogenic Emfs On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Main Approaches of Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Artificial Electromagnetic Fields on Cell

Shckorbatov¹

2014

J Elec Electron Syst

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Biological Effects and Safety in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review

Cited by 202 publications

References 85 publications

Are there any adverse effects of static magnetic field from magnetic resonance imaging devices on bone health of workers?

Are there any adverse effects of static magnetic field from magnetic resonance imaging devices on bone health of workers?

A Preliminary Study on Magnetic Fields Effects on Stem Cell Differentiation

The Main Approaches of Studying the Mechanisms of Action of Artificial Electromagnetic Fields on Cell

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