Biological effects of citalopram in a suspended sediment-water system on Daphnia magna

Abstract

Suspended sediment (SPS) plays an important role in the aquatic ecosystems. Selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used antidepressants and are frequently detected in aquatic environments. However, the biological effects of SSRIs in the presence of SPS are not well understood. To fill this gap, an SPS-water system was constructed to investigate the effects of citalopram (CIT) on Daphnia magna in the presence of SPS with different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1 g l) and organic carbon contents (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2%). A dialysis bag was applied in the exposure system to control the same dissolved concentration of CIT and prevent SPS from entering into the bag. The dissolved CIT concentration obviously decreased in the SPS-water system during the exposure period. The presence of SPS significantly increased the immobilization of D. magna, and the immobilization rates were positively correlated with the SPS concentration and negatively correlated with the organic carbon content in SPS. For a single exposure, CIT significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in D. magna, while SPS itself did not change the SOD and AChE activities. In the SPS-water system, SOD activity was significantly suppressed, indicating that the SPS-CIT combination could result in oxidative damage. However, SPS did not enhance the neurotoxicity of D. magna that was induced by CIT. These results suggest that SPS exerts a vital role on the biological effects of CIT and the contaminants sorbed on SPS should be taken into consideration.

Biochemical and cellular biomarkers in brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) in response to the antidepressants citalopram and venlafaxine

“…Carboxylesterases (CbE) are known to detoxify insecticides like organophosphates, carbamates or pyrethroids and protectively counteract organophosphateinduced acetylcholinesterase inhibition [39,40]. It has already been shown that antidepressants like citalopram, fluoxetine or sertraline affect acetylcholinesterase activity in aquatic organisms [30,41,42].…”

Biochemical and Cellular Biomarkers in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) in Response to the Antidepressants Citalopram and Venlafaxine

“…In both life stages of brown trout, neither citalopram nor venlafaxine did alter the AChE or CbE activity, thus, no neurotoxic effect of venlafaxine or citalopram on brown trout was detected. Nevertheless, effects of antidepressants on AChE have been reported before: decreased AChE activity could be detected in a marine clam species exposed to low µg/L uoxetine (45), Pomatoschistus microps exposed to 1 mg/L uoxetine (12) and Daphnia magna exposed to 1 mg/L citalopram (72). In contrast, gold sh exposed to low µg/L sertraline showed an increased AChE activity, which could not be detected at higher concentrations (71).…”

“…Along this line, effects of different antidepressants on oxidative stress were previously published. Elevated oxidative stress indicated by changes in catalase, peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and SOD-activity have been shown in meagre exposed to venlafaxine (41), zebra sh exposed to amitriptyline (73), gold sh exposed to sertraline (71) and daphnids exposed to citalopram (72). In a multi stressor experiment temperature effects on the anti-oxidant defence have been shown and potential deleterious effects of venlafaxine on the antioxidant defence mechanism of zebra sh were indicated (42).…”

“…Carboxylesterases (CbE) are known to detoxify insecticides like organophosphates, carbamates or pyrethroids and protectively counteract organophosphate-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition (8,56). It has already been shown, that antidepressants like citalopram, uoxetine or sertraline affect acetylcholinesterase activity in aquatic organisms (45,71,72).…”

“…Therefore, an increased SOD activity is accompanied by an increased amount of ROS and thus represents an appropriate biomarker for oxidative stress (66). An increased SOD activity has been shown in amitriptyline-exposed zebra sh (73), sertraline-exposed gold sh (71), venlafaxine-exposed meagre (41) and citalopram-exposed daphnids (72).…”