Biological effects of nicotine exposure: A narrative review of the scientific literature

Price, Leonie; Martínez, Javier López

doi:10.12688/f1000research.20062.1

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…One of the substantial pieces of evidence that indicate the health risk related to the use of ENDS in the framework is that among experienced adult ENDS users, nicotine intake can be comparable to that from combustible tobacco cigarettes. Nicotine contributes to smoking initiation and subsequent addiction, and exposes the user to cardiovascular events through atherosclerosis [ 22 – 27 ] , especially in persons with underlying coronary artery disease [ 23 , 24 ] . Moreover, preliminary findings show that nicotine, especially through its derivates when smoked or consumed orally, may contribute to cancer development by stimulating certain key processes [ 28 ] , including the activation of nicotine acetylcholine receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine or marijuana vaping exposure during pregnancy and altered immune responses in offspring

Ndeke,

Klaunig,

Commodore

2024

J Environ Expo Assess

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Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) - which include electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes, or simply e-cigs, and marijuana vaping have become increasingly popular. ENDS devices have been established as one of the tobacco quit methods and promoted to be safer compared to traditional tobacco cigarettes. Emerging evidence demonstrates that e-cigarette and marijuana vape use can be harmful, with potential associations with cancer. Herein, we summarize the level of evidence to date for altered immune response, with a focus on cancer risks in the offspring after maternal use of, or aerosol exposures from, ENDS or marijuana vape during pregnancy. From 27 published articles retrieved from PubMed, we sought to find out identified carcinogens in ENDS aerosols and marijuana vapor, which cross the placental barrier and can increase cancer risk in the offspring. Carcinogens in vaping aerosols include aldehydes, metals, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, tobacco alkaloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. Additionally, there was only one passive vaping exposure case study on a human fetus, which noted that glycerol, aluminum, chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, selenium, and lead crossed from the mother to the offspring’s cord blood. The carcinogens (metals) in that study were at lower concentrations compared to the mother’s biological matrices. Lastly, we observed that in utero exposures to ENDS-associated chemicals can occur in vital organs such as the lungs, kidneys, brain, bladder, and heart. Any resulting DNA damage increases the risk of tumorigenesis. Future epidemiological studies are needed to examine the effects of passive aerosol exposures from existing and emerging electronic nicotine and marijuana products on developing offspring to cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine or marijuana vaping exposure during pregnancy and altered immune responses in offspring

Ndeke,

Klaunig,

Commodore

2024

J Environ Expo Assess

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“…An association between cigarette smoking and increased risk of CVD is well-established, but it is not clear whether this association is mediated by exposure to nicotine and/or to other constituents found in cigarette smoke (6). Both laboratory and clinical studies in humans have shown that nicotine stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in transient increases in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as changes in other cardiovascular parameters (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). However, there is evidence to suggest that these effects are more pronounced in response to exposure to components related to the use of combustible tobacco products than to nicotine alone (6,10,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study title: A systematic review of RCTs to examine the risk of adverse cardiovascular events with nicotine use

Kim

Steffensen

Miguel

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Associations between cigarette smoking and increased risk of cardiovascular disease are well established. However, it is unclear whether the association is mediated by exposure to nicotine and/or to other constituents in cigarette smoke. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) was to identify any potential associations between exposure to nicotine and the risk of clinically diagnosed adverse cardiovascular events in adult current users and nonusers of tobacco products. Among 1,996 results, 42 studies, comparing nicotine and non-nicotine groups, were included and were both qualitatively and quantitatively synthesized across the outcomes of arrhythmia, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular death. The majority of studies evaluating nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular death reported no events that occurred in either the nicotine or non-nicotine control groups. Among the studies that reported events, rates of adverse events were similarly low between both groups. Consistent with findings from previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses, pooled data showed that rates for arrhythmia, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular death were not significantly different between nicotine and non-nicotine groups. The overall quality of the body of evidence for each of the four outcomes of interest was graded as “moderate,” limited only by the imprecision of results. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that, with moderate certainty, there are no significant associations between the use of nicotine and the risk of clinically diagnosed adverse cardiovascular events—specifically, arrhythmia, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular death.

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“…Smoking during pregnancy is associated with different serious adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes [1,2]. These health risks to the developing fetus will create problems that will persist long after delivery [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The efficacy of NRT in the general population of smokers is well studied; however, there is limited evidence on the efficacy and safety of these medications when used during pregnancy [8]. NRT is the most studied pharmacotherapy used for smoking cessation among pregnant women [2]. Nicotine acts on cholinergic nicotinic-type acetylcholine receptors (nAChr), such as A4 β2, located in the membranes of neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain, and it leads to increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and is responsible for the feeling of reward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Nicotine Replacement Therapy during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

Morales-Suárez-Varela

Puig

Kærlev

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Smoking during pregnancy is a public health problem worldwide and the leading preventable cause of fetal morbidity and mortality and obstetric disease. Although the risk of tobacco-related harm can be substantially reduced if mothers stop smoking in the first trimester, the proportion of women who do so remains modest; therefore, the treatment of smoking in pregnant women will be the first therapeutic measure that health professionals should adopt when providing care to pregnant women. The recommendation of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy remains controversial due to the potential effects on the health of the fetus. Purpose: The aim of this review was to provide an overview of human studies about the use of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy, evaluating the efficacy and safety of the different formulations. Methods: The electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE were searched from May 2012 to May 2022. A total of 95 articles were identified through database searching using a combination of keywords. Out of 79 screened articles and after the removal of duplicates, 28 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 12 articles were finally included for review. Results: Although demonstrated to be effective in adult smokers, evidence in support of NRT in pregnant women is limited. The results of the apparent safety of the use of NRT during pregnancy contradict the FDA classification of the different NRT formulations. Faster-acting formulations seem to be the safest and even most beneficial forms for the offspring. Conclusions: NRT is not completely harmless for the fetus or for the mother; however, if an adequate assessment of the risk-benefit binomial is made, its use during pregnancy to aid in quitting smoking does seem appropriate. It is necessary to establish individual recommendations on the formulation and dose to be used during pregnancy based on individual nicotinic needs.

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Biological effects of nicotine exposure: A narrative review of the scientific literature

Cited by 15 publications

References 130 publications

Nicotine or marijuana vaping exposure during pregnancy and altered immune responses in offspring

Nicotine or marijuana vaping exposure during pregnancy and altered immune responses in offspring

Study title: A systematic review of RCTs to examine the risk of adverse cardiovascular events with nicotine use

Safety of Nicotine Replacement Therapy during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

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