Biological factors affecting the durability, usability and chemical composition of paper banknotes in global circulation

Elleboudy, Ahmed Atta Fatouh; Elagoz, Mona Abdelhamed; Simonian, George Nubar; Hasanin, Mohamed S.

doi:10.21608/ejchem.2021.59238.3275

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The fiber analysis confirmed that the lignin content is changed by non-significant values in both treatment conditions. Otherwise, the cellulose as well as hemicellulose content was affected by a significant value where cellulose was decreased in raw CTF and CTF and COW samples by about 12 and 27%, respectively (Abdelraof et al 2020 ; Elleboudy et al 2021 ). Additionally, hemicellulose contents were decreased by around 41 and 25%, respectively (Hasanin et al 2019 , 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel pressed coal from citrus and cooking oil wastes using fungi

Hasanin

Hashem

Hashish

et al. 2022

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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Nowadays renewable energy with low prices is a global target that has taken the attention to compare alternatives energy sources with fossil fuels. Therefore, this study was established to find suitable and sustainable alternative low-cost fuels source. Cooking oil waste (COW) was mixed with non-pretreated citrus tree fibers (CTF) (0.5 mL to 1 g ratio) and pressed to formulate coal (CTF/COW). Otherwise, this mixture was subjected to in situ fungal pretreated using Aspergillus flavus isolate to simplify the mixture composition and pressed to offer in a usable form with enhancing their heating value for the first time. CTF/COW was characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal analysis (TGA) before and after treatment. The fungal isolate was observed with enzyme productivity and activity of CMCase, avicelase, xylanase, mannanase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, lignin peroxidase and lipase according to enzyme assays and the chemical compositions of CTF before and after fungal treatment, where the best PH for enzymes extraction was between 5 and 7. The fungal enzymes increased the heating value by about two and half folds in comparison with non-pretreated coal. Moreover, the calorific value of tCTF/COW was 43,422 kJ/kg, which was higher than CTF recorded 18,214 kJ/kg and COW recorded 39,823 kJ/kg. Our result suggests that fungal treatment of the mixture of citrus trees and cooking oil waste presents as a promising low-cost and eco-friendly coal. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel pressed coal from citrus and cooking oil wastes using fungi

Hasanin

Hashem

Hashish

et al. 2022

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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“…In addition, the in situ enzymatic pre-treatment reduces energy consumption in comparison with the pure one. The enzymatic pathway can involve different cellulase enzymes (endoglucanases, exoglucanases and cellobiases) which attack differently the amorphous cellulose structure but always give a prehydrolysis which has a positive effect on further fibrillation [18,[21][22][23]. Biological hydrolysis can be done using cellulose-digesting enzymes via isolated microbes which have the ability to break down the bonds between the units of cellulose chains and convert them to nanoparticles without using any chemicals or physical force, and then we have nanoparticles with low cost as we neglect the cost of enzymes which are naturally produced by the growth of microbes rapidly [14,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study for isolation, characterizations of the cellulolytic microorganisms: green convert of microcrystalline cellulose to nanofibers

Osama

Hussain²,

Roushdy³

et al. 2022

Egypt. J. Chem.

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The presented study deals with the isolation of microorganisms able to produce cellulases which convert microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to nanocellulose fibers (NCFs) in critical conditions. This conduction, namely, could be defined as the most potent isolate capable of producing such cellulases and has the ability to convert the fibers to nanoscale in situ conditions without any need for chemical or mechanical treatment. The isolates were affirmed that the priorities for the election of cellulolytic isolates are fungi. Three isolates offered good stability in comparison with the other isolates that included bacteria and actinomycetes. Aspergillus flavus isolated from the rhizosphere of Vicia faba plant and identified morphologically and genetically, and was recorded in gene bank with accession number ON428526. This isolate produced NCFs with a length 96±4.3 nm and a diameter 22 ± 3.8 nm, as well as with high crystallinity and thermal stability. The physiochemical characterizations of the cellulosic fiber produced by the investigated isolate (Aspergillus flavus) affirmed that the CNFs had unique features since; they showed excellent stability and homogeneity. This bioconversion applies the produced fibers to biomedical applications such as drug delivery.

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Estudio piloto de caracterización microbiológica de los billetes que circulan en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia

Castro-Hernandez

2022

MedUNAB

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Introducción. Los billetes son un potencial medio de transmisión de microorganismos capaces de producir enfermedades. Es el caso del Staphylococcus aureus, una bacteria distribuida por toda América Latina, causante de infecciones y resistente a antibióticos de uso común. El objetivo del estudio es realizar una caracterización bacteriana y fúngica de billetes circulantes en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, y en especial identificar algunos que puedan relacionarse con problemas de salud pública. Metodología. Estudio observacional y cuantitativo, con una muestra de 50 billetes (5 diferentes denominaciones de 2 fechas de emisión). Se identificaron y cuantificaron los microorganismos mediante siembra en caldo peptona, posteriormente en agar Reasoner´s 2A (R2A), nutritivos y selectivos, además del uso de técnicas de índice analítico de perfil (API) y microscopia óptica. Se realizó un análisis estadístico de correlación de variables mediante el software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Resultados. Se identificaron 21 géneros y 12 especies de bacterias, así como 3 géneros y 2 especies de hongos filamentosos, entre ellos algunos que pueden ocasionar infecciones como Klesiella, Enterobacter, Listeria, Staphylococcus, Cryptococcus y Aspergillus. Discusión. En relación con estudios internacionales, en este trabajo se identificaron menos tipologías de microorganismos, lo cual se explica en razón a las limitaciones propias de las técnicas utilizadas y del nivel de contaminación local. Conclusión. Se pudo establecer que el grado de contaminación microbiana no depende significativa o consistentemente de la fecha de emisión ni de la denominación; pero la identificación de patógenos sugiere plantear medidas para limitar su transmisión por esta vía.

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Biological factors affecting the durability, usability and chemical composition of paper banknotes in global circulation

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

A novel pressed coal from citrus and cooking oil wastes using fungi

A novel pressed coal from citrus and cooking oil wastes using fungi

Preliminary study for isolation, characterizations of the cellulolytic microorganisms: green convert of microcrystalline cellulose to nanofibers

Estudio piloto de caracterización microbiológica de los billetes que circulan en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia

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