2017
DOI: 10.1111/cod.12790
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Biological monitoring of dermal and air exposure to cobalt at a Swedish hard metal production plant: does dermal exposure contribute to uptake?

Abstract: SummaryBackgroundOccupational exposure to cobalt is well established in hard metal manufacture. Cobalt is known to cause contact allergy, asthma, hard metal lung disease, and lung cancer. The relationship between skin exposure and uptake determined in blood has not been extensively investigated.ObjectiveTo examine whether skin and inhalable air exposure to cobalt contributes to uptake, determined as cobalt in blood, in a hard metal manufacturing factory.MethodsThe amount of cobalt on the skin found with an aci… Show more

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Cited by 29 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…They reported a median skin dose of cobalt based on all areas on the hand of 4.0 μg/cm 2 /2 hours (range 0.09‐200 μg/cm 2 ) for 62 participants. The highest skin doses were found in powder and pressing departments, with median values of 3 and 46 μg/cm 2 /2 hours (range 1.8‐22 and 0.88‐200 μg/cm 2 ), respectively . These observations are in line with our study of 40 workers, in which raw material workers had the highest skin doses after 2 hours, with a median of 1.51 μg/cm 2 and a range 0.25 to 28 μg/cm 2 .…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 98%
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“…They reported a median skin dose of cobalt based on all areas on the hand of 4.0 μg/cm 2 /2 hours (range 0.09‐200 μg/cm 2 ) for 62 participants. The highest skin doses were found in powder and pressing departments, with median values of 3 and 46 μg/cm 2 /2 hours (range 1.8‐22 and 0.88‐200 μg/cm 2 ), respectively . These observations are in line with our study of 40 workers, in which raw material workers had the highest skin doses after 2 hours, with a median of 1.51 μg/cm 2 and a range 0.25 to 28 μg/cm 2 .…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 98%
“…Already in the 1980s, it was evident that contact allergy to cobalt was common among workers in hard metal (cemented tungsten carbide) production . Wide ranges of cobalt skin doses are still found in the hard metal industry, depending on the work area . Assessment of surface contamination has been limited to work surfaces inside production areas of hard metal facilities .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Weschler et al (2015) performed a series of experiments with bare-skin participants who were exposed to diethyl phthalate, via inhalation and skin. In a Swedish study, blood has been used as a biomarker for skin exposure of cobalt; despite low measured air concentrations, monitoring of cobalt in blood shows relatively high concentrations, confirming the role of dermal absorption(Klasson et al, 2017). These results clearly indicate the importance of dermal absorption.In addition, several occupational studies have quantified heavy metals skin exposure.…”
mentioning
confidence: 87%