Biological Monitoring of Toxic Metals - Overview

Elinder, Carl‐Gustaf; Gerhardsson, Lars; Oberdoerster, G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0961-1_1

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Approximately 75% of the total dietary Cd intake is from vegetable food with the highest contribution from cereals [32,33]. Due to long half-life of Cd in the human body, it accumulates in the kidneys [34]. The urinary excretion of Cd is proportional to the body burden and used as a dose of lifetime exposure to Cd, whereas concentration in blood represents recent exposure [35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

Strumylaitė

Boguševičius

Abdrachmanovas

et al. 2010

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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The study aimed to determine and compare cadmium (Cd) concentration in different biological media of breast cancer and benign breast tumor patients. Methods Concentration of Cd was determined in breast tissue, urine and blood of 57 breast cancer and 51 benign tumor patients. Two samples of breast tissue from each patient, i.e. tumor and healthy tissue were taken for the analysis. Cd in biological media was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (Perkin-Elmer, Zeeman 3030). Results The mean Cd concentration in breast cancer patients was 0.053 µg/g (95% CI=0.042-0.065) for tumor sample and 0.02 µg/g (95% CI=0.014-0.026) for healthy breast tissue sample (p<0.001). In benign tumor patients the figures were following: 0.037 µg/g (95% CI=0.023-0.051) and 0.032 µg/g (95% CI=0.018-0.047) (p>0.05). Cd content in malignant tumor significantly differed from that in benign tumor (p<0.01). Cancer patients with positive estrogenreceptors had significantly greater concentration of breast tissue Cd compared to patients with negative estrogenreceptors (p=0.035). Adjusted for creatinine Cd in urine was significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls (p<0.001). In cancer patients a positive Spearman's correlation was found between Cd in tumor and healthy breast tissue, blood (r=0.44 and r=0.39, respectively, p<0.01). Correlation between Cd in urine of cancer patients and number of cigarettes smoked during lifetime was suggestive (r=0.59, p=0.075). Conclusion The data obtained show higher concentration of cadmium in breast tumor and urine of cancer patients and support a possible relationship between cadmium and breast cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

Strumylaitė

Boguševičius

Abdrachmanovas

et al. 2010

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…The main source of exposure to inorganic mercury (I-Hg) is dental amalgam fillings, which release Hg 0 (7,8). The intake and uptake of Hg 2+ is negligible (9). The concentration of I-Hg in the fetus has been shown to be influenced by the number of dental amalgam fillings in the mother (10)(11)(12)).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic mercury and methylmercury in placentas of Swedish women.

Ask

Åkesson

Berglund

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

148

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We determined levels of inorganic mercury (I-Hg) and methylmercury in placentas from 119 Swedish women, not selected with respect to high exposure of mercury. Our objective was to relate placental Hg species with maternal and fetal blood concentrations and to evaluate possible associations with selenium. We performed the analyses using automated alkaline solubilization/reduction and cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. I-Hg levels in placenta increased with an increasing number of maternal dental amalgam fillings (p < 0.001). Despite placental accumulation (median, 1.3 microg/kg; range, 0.18-6.7 microg/kg wet weight), a substantial fraction of maternal blood I-Hg, probably as Hg(0), reached the fetus. Although MeHg transferred easily to the fetus, it also accumulated in the placenta. On average, 60% of placental Hg was in the form of MeHg. The median concentration was 1.8 microg/kg (range, 0-6.2 microg/kg wet weight), more than twice the maternal blood concentration. We found significant associations between MeHg and selenium in both maternal and umbilical cord blood but not in the placenta. The associations were particularly obvious in freshwater fish consumers, probably reflecting that fish is a source of both MeHg and selenium. We found no correlations between I-Hg and selenium. This study increases the understanding of Hg, in its different forms, in human placenta and how they are related to maternal and fetal exposure.

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“…However, it typically represents relatively recent exposure, since the half -life of lead in blood has been estimated to be of the order of 36 days (WHO, 1995 ). Cadmium in blood is also an indicator of more recent exposure, whereas the concentration in urine is influenced more by the body burden than by the current exposure ( Elinder, 1991 ). In the case of mercury, the species which is taken up influences the selection of the medium to be analysed.…”

Section: Biological Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%