Biological Recultivation of Degraded Peatlands by Creating Forest Berry Plants

Introduction. Forest berry plants are popular on the food market and in pharmacy for their high nutritional and medicinal value. Plantations of forest berry plants can proliferate on unused lands, including depleted peatlands. Clonal micropropagation is the most effective method for obtaining large quantities of high quality planting material. Light-emitting diodes are highly effective for clonal micropropagation. The research objective was to study the effect of different spectral ranges on the process of root formation of forest berry plants in vitro. Study objects and methods. The research featured regenerant plants of half-highbush blueberry, arctic bramble, American cranberry, European cranberry, lingonberry, and Kamchatka bilberry of different cultivars. A set of experiments made it possible to study the effect of lighting type on the growth and development of the root system of forest berry plants in vitro using white fluorescent lamps, white spectrum LED lamps, and LED lamps with a combination of white, red, and blue spectra at the in vitro rooting stage of clonal micropropagation. Results and its discussion. The largest number (3.4–14.6 pcs.) and the maximum total length (10.0–156.9 cm) of roots were observed under LED lamps with a combination of white, red, and blue spectra. The effect was by 1.1–2.8 and 2.0–4.5 times higher than in the case of white-spectrum LED lamps, and by 2.3–7.0 and 3.3–14.9 times than in the case of fluorescent lamps. Variety and shape proved to have no significant effect on biometric indicators. Conclusion. LED lamps had a positive effect on the process of rhizogenesis of forest berry plants during clonal micropropagation. They appeared to be more effective than fluorescent lamps. The combination of white, blue, and red spectra increased the biometric parameters of plants at the stage of in vitro rooting.

Section: Introductionunclassified

Effect of Light on Rhizogenesis of Forest Berry Plants during Clonal Micropropagation

Макаров

Rodin

Kuznetsova

et al. 2021

Clonal Micropropagation and Peculiarities of Adaptation to ex vitro Conditions of Forest Berry Plants of the Genus Vaccinium

Chudetsky

Rodin

Zarubina³

et al. 2022

Modern cost-effective propagation methods yield a large amount of high-quality healthy planting material of economically valuable forest berry plants. However, ex vitro adaptation of Vaccinium species and in vitro cultivation of the Kamchatka bilberry remain understudied. The research objective was to study the effect of growth-regulating substances on the organogenesis and adaptation to non-sterile conditions of the lingonberry and the Kamchatka bilberry during clonal micropropagation. The study featured regenerant lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) of Koralle, Kostromichka, and Kostromskaya Rozovaya cultivars, as well as the Sakhalin and Kuril varieties of the Kamchatka bilberry (Vaccinium praestans Lamb.). A chemical analysis was performed to reveal the following dependencies: the effect of sterilizing agents and sterilization time on the viability of explants, the effect of the nutrient medium and the growth-regulating substances on microshoots and roots, and the effect of the substrate on the survival of plants in non-sterile conditions. The highest survival rate of lingonberry (72%) and bilberry (96%) explants belonged to 0.2% of AgNO3 with 10 min of sterilization time. The maximal values of the total shoot length in vitro were observed at 0.2 mg/L of 2-iP: AN nutrient medium (7.2 cm) for lingonberries and WPM 1/2 nutrient medium (10.5 cm) for bilberries. The longest total root length in vitro for lingonberries was registered when using 2.0 mg/L (5.8 cm) of indoleacetic acid, while for bilberries it was 1.0 mg/L (1.9 cm) of indolylbutyric acid. The maximal survival rate ex vitro belonged to the high-moor peat substrate (89–92%) for lingonberries and a 1:1 mix of peat with sand (91–95%) for bilb erries. Clonal micropropagation with growth regulators (2-iP, indolylbutyric and indoleacetic acids) and peat substrates proved expedient for in vitro cultivation and ex vitro adaptation of the lingonberry and the Kamchatka bilberry. This scheme delivered a large amount of high-quality planting material with high plant survival.

Clonal Micropropagation of Wild Berry Plants of the Genus Rubus

Makarov,

Upadyshev,

Sungurova

et al. 2024

Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) and arctic raspberry (Rubus arcticus L.) are highly nutritional and medicinal but lowyield berries, with some populations being on the verge of extinction. Micropropagation biotechnologies are cost-effective and may provide healthy and plentiful planting material for these valuable berries. Clonal micropropagation of cloudberry and arctic raspberry requires new methods adapted for Russian varieties. This research featured the effect of sterilizing agents on the survival rate of explants of R. chamaemorus and R. arcticus, as well as the effect of growth regulators in the nutrient medium on their organogenesis in vitro. Berries obtained from regenerant plants of R. chamaemorus (Arkhangelsk and Vologda varieties) and R. arcticus (Sofia and Galina varieties) underwent a biochemical analysis. Further research involved the effect of sterilizing agents and exposure time on the viability of explants, as well as the effect of the nutrient medium composition and the concentration of growth regulators on the development of microshoots and roots in vitro. In case of lateral buds, the highest survival rate of both types of explants (80–96%) belonged to the samples sterilized with 0.2% silver nitrate and 5% Lysoformin 3000 for 15 min. In case of etiolated shoots (79–100%), it was the samples treated with 0.2% silver nitrate, 0.01% Nika 2, and 5% Lysoformin 3000 for 10 min. The maximal total length of microshoots in R. chamaemorus (19.4–22.7 cm) was registered at 0.1 mg/L Cytodef in the Murashige and Skoog medium. The maximal total length of roots (46.0–56.6 cm) was obtained when the medium contained 0.5 mL/L indolylacetic acid. As for R. arcticus, the maximal total lengths of microshoots (22.4–22.8 cm) and roots (86.6–89.3 cm) occurred at the same concentrations of growth regulators on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog medium. In this research, Cytodef and indolylacetic acid applied in the process of clonal micropropagation of R. chamaemorus and R. arcticus made it possible to increase the yield of high-quality planting material for commercial plantations.