Biological responses of two marine organisms of ecological relevance to on-going ocean acidification and global warming

Climate Change Projections of Temperature Over the Coastal Area of China Using SimCLIM

“…The earth has experienced significant temperature rises both regionally and globally since 1850 (Li et al, 2015;Ozturk et al, 2018). Greenhouse gas emission, mainly induced by human activities such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture, is likely to be largely responsible for the increase in the surface temperature of the earth and global warming (IPCC, 2013), which has a profound impact on ecological environment (Isobe, 2013;Gomiero et al, 2018), social economy (Mishra et al, 2010;Lu et al, 2019), and human health (Baccini et al, 2013;Jiang et al, 2015;Luo et al, 2019). What's notable is that although the nationally determined contributions pledged in the Paris Agreement are completely achieved, the global mean surface temperature is projected to rise by 2.6 °C-4.8 °C under the high emissions scenarios in 2100 (Onozuka et al, 2019;Feng and Chao, 2020), which is expected to pose a much more serious threat to the natural environment and human society.…”

Risks to the stability of coral reefs in the South China Sea: An integrated biomarker approach to assess the physiological responses of Trochus niloticus to ocean acidification and warming

“…Simulations of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have indicated a 0.3-0.5 units decline in ocean pH and a 0.3-4.8 °C elevation in the average global surface temperature of the ocean by the end of the 21th century (Caldeira and Wickett, 2005; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014). Accumulating evidences have shown that complicated interactions between ocean acidification and warming would result in deleterious effects on the organisms in the marine ecosystems, such as increasing oxidative stress, reducing calcification rates, and disordering energy budget (Chatzinikolaou et al, 2017;Collard et al, 2016;Fang et al, 2014;Gomiero et al, 2018;Serra-Compte et al, 2018;Vehmaa et al, 2013).…”

Ocean acidification impact on ascidian Ciona robusta spermatozoa: New evidence for stress resilience

“…The oxidant attack on plasma membrane results in lipid peroxidation compromising plasma membrane fluidity (Aitken, 2017). Some studies suggest that the mechanism of toxic action of seawater acidification goes through oxidative stress (Gomiero et al, 2018;Jeeva Priya et al, 2017). Here, we demonstrated that OA did not affect the oxidative status of spermatozoa; in fact, we did not observe any increase of intracellular level of two different ROS species nor lipid peroxidation in spermatozoa collected from animal after short-time exposure to acidified condition.…”