Biological Sand Filter Performance Test Using Multiple Methods for Pathogen Detection: a Longitudinal Field Study in Kenya

Lackey, Laura W.; Semmendinger, Kyla; MacCarthy, Michael F.

doi:10.1007/s11270-019-4218-6

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This improvement of bacteria removal with time may be related to development of schmutzdecke layer over time through enhancing trapping of particles and reducing filtration rate [36]. Our findings found are also very close to findings of a similar study that shown removal of 98.9% [35], and 98.5% of fecal coliform [24].…”

Section: Bacteriological Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Two Models of Household Sand Filters for Small Scale Water Purification

Mohammed¹,

Solumon²

2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Access to sufficient quantities of safe water is not just a public health issue but also a human right. Water pollution causes millions of deaths and illnesses every year. To solve the issue of water pollution at household levels and during emergencies, slow sand filters are suggested as good choices. This study aimed at designing small scale Household Slow Sand Filter (HSSF) with locally available materials. This experimental study was conducted under ambient weather conditions to test efficiency of two proposed filters in removing pollutants from source water. Natural water samples were collected from the Blue Nile, and the White Nile. The two filters were first cleaned up followed by a ripening period of two weeks to allow formation of the Schmutzdecke (the biological layer). Data were subjected to Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), ANOVA and Pearson correlation. The current research revealed that, both filters were highly efficient in removing E.coli and total coliform. The average log 10 removal of total Coliforms and E Coli for the first filter ranged between 1.9 log and 1.7 log compared to a range of 1.1 log to 1.2 log for the second filter. The association of log 10 total coliforms with turbidity and TSS has drastically changed after filtration. Overall, the best performance of filter 1 was reported for removal of bacteria, turbidity, iron (Fe), TSS, K and NO 2 , and Zn, respectively, versus NO 2 , Fe and Zn for filter 2, in the same order. The trend of ions removal assumed to be affected by both mineralization and oxidation which further supported by HCA results and it was differ than the pattern of heavy metals removal that was generally moderate not exceeded 65%. All soluble ions after filtration did not exceeded WHO guideline limits. The first proposed filter suggested to be efficient that need to be confirmed by further studies.

show abstract

Section: Bacteriological Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Due to possible great variability in the readings of bacteria in sample, geometric mean and log10 of removals are used to express the remove of bacteria using equation 2 [35].…”

Section: Bacteriological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Models of Household Sand Filters for Small Scale Water Purification

Mohammed¹,

Solumon²

2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lackey, Semmendinger, and MacCarthy (2019) employed a longitudinal study examining the effectiveness of installing bio‐sand filters (BSF) in a community in Kenya. Despite BSFs being effective to treat water and reduce pathogens, the greatest concern was community ownership and education for maintenance & sustainment of these systems.…”

Section: Treatment Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed treatment systems

Sheehan

Martinez

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This section presents a review of the scientific literature published in 2019 on topics relating to distributed treatment systems. This review is divided into the following sections: constituent removal, treatment technologies, planning and treatment management, and other topics. © 2020 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points • Highlights changes and innovation in removal techniques and technologies in water treatment. • Reviews management systems of distributed treatment systems. • Discusses point-of-use treatment systems.

show abstract