Biological Significance of Alfalfa in the Development of Organic Farming in South-Eastern Kazakhstan

Abstract

The ecological situation and modern agro-landscape improvement, soil fertility maintenance and uplifting, formation of ecologically safe agro-ecosystems with germplasm diversity in crop rotation, and cultures-soil conditioners are the focus of the study. Nitrogen is a vital element required in larger quantities by plants; however, lack of it has become a problem in organic farming. The presented study suggests ways organic farming can boost up nitrogen in return to address nitrogen deficiency. The research shows data on the harvest of three-year standing alfalfa and indicators of the efficiency of annual crops’ use in the crop rotation of organic farming. The study findings exhibited that alfalfa accumulates residues of up to 13–17 t ha-1 in three years of standing, containing more than 280–300, 63–80, and 66–120 kg NPK ha-1, respectively. In the efficiency of different crop rotations, the alfalfa accumulated 13 and 20 t ha-1 organic residues in the two- and three-year periods, respectively. More than 11 t ha-1 of green mass containing 65 to 70 kg of nitrogen, 20 to 25 kg of phosphorous, and 55 to 60 kg of potassium accumulates in the soil in welded form. By sowing in good time, mixed with oats, leave the soil with up to 12–15 t of organic matter, containing 190–200, 35–40, and 230–250 kg NPK ha-1, respectively. A pea-oat mixture of about 12.0 t ha-1 of green mass resulted in 132, 46, and 102 kg NPK ha-1, respectively. The latest findings can serve as a basis for the development of new approaches related to the organic farming system in Southeast Kazakhstan.

Structural-Aggregate Composition and Soil Water Resistance Based on Tillage Regimes in Southeast Kazakhstan

“…With direct sowing, agronomically valuable aggregates form in optimal quantities; with traditional cultivation technology, the proportion of the pulverized fraction increases, which, in turn, increases the susceptibility of the soil to erode and deflate. In direct sowing, a higher soil water resistance appeared (Volters et al, 2020;Gusev et al, 2022;Bastaubayeva et al, 2023;Kenenbaev et al, 2023). According to Baybekov's (2018) findings, negative consequences occur during dump processing.…”

“…In this field, the first successful cultivation of grain crops occurred in Northern Kazakhstan (Karabaev et al, 2005). According to FAO data, in 2009, Kazakhstan entered the top 10 countries with the introduction of zero tillage to 1.5 million ha, and by 2014, the area had increased to two million ha (Karabayev et al, 2015;Gusev et al, 2022;Bastaubayeva et al, 2023;Kenenbaev et al, 2023). However, the introduction of no-till became a preference in non-irrigated lands of Northern Kazakhstan.…”

Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Haymaking Timing Effects on Its Yield and Quality in Kyzylorda Region, Kazakhstan

“…Past studies have reported that in addition to provitamin A (carotene), alfalfa contains vitamin В 1 , which prevents diseases of the nervous system and is vital in managing the carbohydrate metabolism in the animal body; vitamin C -antiscorbutic; vitamin Dantirachitic; vitamin K -affecting blood composition (blood clotting); vitamin PPpreventing pellagra in animals, and vitamin Eaffecting the reproductive ability of the animals (Zykov, 1967;Bastaubayeva et al, 2023). The findings of Cui et al (2018) revealed that intercropping can increase plants' biomass and reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in plants.…”

Organic Fertilizer's Role in the Improvement of Soil Microflora and Biometric Values in Fruit Crops

“…The abovementioned stress conditions degrade the soil, adversely affecting other microflora organisms, the environment, and human health (Gu et al, 2019;Bastaubayeva et al, 2023). The undesirable properties of fertilizers and pesticides have compelled the search for an option that positively affects soil fertility, allowing for sustainable agriculture that gains positive attention from the farming community -organic fertilizers (Kumar and Madhu, 2016;Gusev et al, 2022;Makenova et al, 2023).…”