Biological synthesis and characterization of intracellular gold nanoparticles using biomass of Aspergillus fumigatus

Abstract

Nanotechnology is emerging as one of the most important and revolutionizing area in research field. Nanoparticles are produced by various methods like physical, chemical, mechanical and biological. Biological methods of reduction of metal ions using plants or microorganisms are often preferred because they are clean, nontoxic, safe, biocompatible and environmentally acceptable. In the present study, Aspergillus fumigatus was used for the intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Stable nanoparticles were produced when an aqueous solution of chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4) was reduced by A. fumigatus biomass as the reducing agent. Production of nanoparticles was confirmed by the colour change from yellow to pinkish violet after ∼72 h of reaction. The produced nanoparticles were then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). SEM images of sample revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical, irregularly shaped with indefinite morphology. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles were in the range of 85•1-210 nm in size. The presence of gold nanoparticle was confirmed by EDS analysis. Crystalline nature and face-centred cubic structure of synthesized gold nanoparticle was confirmed by XRD pattern.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Curtis extract and evaluation of its antibacterial activity

“…The biosynthesis or green synthesis of AgNPs using bio microorganisms and the extraction of various organs of plants (aerial parts and underground organs) have been more compatible with the environment (eco-friendly); it has been recently introduced as an alternative method instead of using physical and chemical synthesis methods [10,12,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. Among the newly introduced methods, the use of the plants for the synthesis of nanoparticles, due to their numerous advantages such as wide distribution, accessibility and affordability, has been considered more than the other cases [25][26][27].…”

A Review on Mycosynthesis, Mechanism, and Characterization of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles

“…According to previous reports, fungi have been extensively used in mycosynthesis in gold particle production. AuNPs in the size range of 10 to 200 nm were fabricated by diverse scientific groups by various fungal species like A. fumigates [25], Cylindrocladium floridanum [113], Sclerotium rolfsii [101], Epicoccum nigrum [102], F. solani [103], A. terreus IF0 [104], Hormoconis resinae [98], P. chrysosporium [90], Penicillium rugulosum [114], C. versicolor [8], Penicillium brevicompactum [115], A. niger [105], Candida albicans [116], Nocardia farcinica [117], Rhizopus oryzae [118], and Penicillium chrysogenum [119]. Fungi are known to be more efficient in producing the smaller size of AuNPs than bacteria.…”

“…Varied shades of red like ruby red, burgundy red, or a light or reddish purple color are commonly formed with different concentrations of chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 ) due to the presence of AuNPs and their surface plasmon vibrations [25,27,134,135]. Statements from scientists clearly depict the initial pale yellow color of the formulation changes with the change in gold salt concentrations, where, as the concentration increased the color was intensified starting from 0.5 mM with pinkish red color to 1.5 mM with a dark purple color.…”

“…[19], Pleurotus ostreatus [20], Aspergillus terreus [21], Bryophilous rhizoctonia [22], Fusarium oxysporum [23], and Fusarium semitectum [24]. Similarly, AuNPs are also synthesized by many such fungi namely, Aspergillus fumigates [25], Geobacillus sp. [26], and Aspergillus fischeri [13].…”

Role of gold nanoparticles in advanced biomedical applications

“…1-208, and Rhizopus oryzae, have been utilized to prepare GNPs. 141,142 Likewise, bacteria such as Bacillus megaterium D01, Bacillus subtilis 168, Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Geovibrio ferrireducens, Geobacillus sp., Lactobacillus strains, Plectonema boryanum UTEX 485, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas uorescens, Shewanella algae strain BRY, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter koseri, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella oxytoca have also been employed for the synthesis of GNPs. 143,144 In the case of plant extracts, coriander, mango, Gymnocladus assamicus, Pogostemon benghalensis, olive, Rosa indica, Pistacia integerrima, Salvia officinalis, Lippia citriodora, Pelargonium graveolens, and Punica granatum have been tested as reducing agents for the gold salts to prepare GNPs.…”