Biological Toxicities of Exhausts from a Diesel-Generator Fueled with Water-Containing Acetone/Butanol and Waste-Edible-Oil-Biodiesel Blends

Abstract

In this investigation, conventional diesel (D), 1-30 vol% waste-edible-oil-biodiesel (WEO-biodiesel, (W), 1-3 vol% pure/water-containing acetone (A/A'' (5% water content)) or 1-50 vol% butanol (B/B' (2% water content)/B'' (5% water content) were tested as fuels and their effects on the cytotoxicity of emissions from a generator at 3 kW load were studied. Human male single cells (U937) and the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method were used to test the cell toxicity of gas-and particle-phase samples (which were obtained by organic-solvent extraction). The results revealed that adding 1-3% acetone/water-containing acetone to bio-dieselhols reduced the mortality of U937 that were exposed to exhaust emissions organic-solvent extraction of to U937 when the generator was loaded at 3 kW. Adding more acetone/water-containing acetone further reduced the mortality of cells that were exposed to the emission gas from organic solvent extraction Compared with water-free butanol, using water-containing butanol (2% or 5%) added WEO-biodiesel further reduced the cytotoxicity (to U937) of organic solvent extracts from the emissions. The mortality of U937 decreased as the added butanol percentage increased in the range of 10−30% but increased as the added butanol percentage was increased to 40% or 50%. Therefore, the water-containing and -free acetone/butanol blending could reduce the toxicity of diesel-engine exhausts.

Characteristics of Persistent Organic Pollutant Emissions from a Diesel-Engine Generator Fueled Using Blends of Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel and Fossil Diesel

“…It was found that watercontaining and -free butanol-added WEO-biodiesel yielded 21.7-56.3% less PM, 28.7-63.8% less PM-EC, 11.8-48.7% less PM-OC, 23.5-59.2% less total-PAHs, and 37.0-55.3% less total-BaP eq than fossil diesel (Tsai et al, 2015a). And the cytotoxicity tests revealed that adding 1-3% acetone/watercontaining acetone to bio-dieselhols reduced the mortality of U937 that were exposed to exhaust emissions organic-solvent extraction of to U937 when the generator was loaded at 3 kW (Tsai et al, 2015b). To study further the influence of adding biodiesel to traditional petro-diesel (as D100) on the emission factors (EFs) of POPs (PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDD/Fs, and PBDEs) from a diesel-generator that was fuelled with different fuel blends were explored; in this investigation, D100 is blended with 20 and 40 vol% WOC-biodiesel (W20 and W40) to form alternative fuels for use in diesel engine generators.…”

Influences of Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel Blends on PAH and PCDD/F Emissions from Diesel Engines in Durability Testing Cycle

“…The higher oxygen content of biodiesels than petroleum diesel can produce more complete combustion and lower the emissions of CO, PM, HC and persistent organic pollutants (Raheman and Ghadge, 2007;Özener et al, 2014). Additionally, the lower sulfur and almost no aromatic compositions could reduce the SO 2 and POP emissions from the diesel engine and further reduce the potential of secondary fine particle formation (Tsai et al, 2015). The safety of storage and transport could also be enhanced by the higher flash point of biodiesel than that of fossil fuel (Li et al, 2016;de Mello et al, 2017).…”

Pyrolysis Characteristic Analysis of Particulate Matter from Diesel Engine Run on Diesel/Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers Blends Based on Nanostructure and Thermogravimetry

“…Diesel engines have the advantages including high efficiency, a high level of fuel economy with great torque output, high durability and reliability, and low operating costs. Diesel engines are major source of emissions including particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, total hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide as well as toxic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Tsai et al, 2015). However, it is well known that PM emissions from diesel engines are are relatively high, due to the combustion of heterogeneous mixture in the cylinder at higher combustion temperatures (Saxena and Maurya, 2016).…”