Biological treatment of public water supplies

Rittmann, Bruce E.; Huck, Peter M.; Bouwer, Edward J.

doi:10.1080/10643388909388362

Cited by 97 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…The result of this microbial activity is elevated bacterial levels in the filter effluent. The effective disinfection of bacteria released from biological filters has been widely reported by researchers and operating utilities as well (5,11,15,31). The fact that bacterial counts in the effluent of biologically active filters may not vary substantially from levels seen in some conventional GAC filter-adsorbers (3,15) demonstrates that conventional disinfection practices that already produce acceptable microbial quality for conventional GAC filters can reliably control bacterial levels from biologically active filters as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A Pilot Study of Bacteriological Population Changes through Potable Water Treatment and Distribution

Norton

LeChevallier

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

201

118

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This pilot study compares the compositions of bacterial biofilms in pipe networks supplied with water containing either high levels of biodegradable organic matter (BOM) or low levels of BOM (conventionally or biologically treated, respectively). The Microbial Identification System for fatty acid analysis was utilized in this study to identify a large number of organisms (>1,400) to determine population changes in both conventionally and biologically treated water and biofilms. Data generated during this study indicated that suspended bacteria have little impact on biofilms, and despite treatment (conventional or biological), suspended microbial populations were similar following disinfection. Prechlorination with free chlorine resulted not only in reduced plate count values but also in a dramatic shift in the composition of the bacterial population to predominately gram-positive bacteria. Chlorination of biologically treated water produced the same shifts toward gram-positive bacteria. Removal of assimilable organic carbon by the biologically active filters slowed the rate of biofilm accumulation, but biofilm levels were similar to those found in conventionally treated water within several weeks. Iron pipes stimulated the rate of biofilm development, and bacterial levels on disinfected iron pipes exceeded those for chlorinated polyvinyl chloride pipes. The study showed that the iron pipe surface dramatically influenced the composition, activity, and disinfection resistance of biofilm bacteria.Biological treatment provides numerous benefits for drinking water utilities, including removal of micropollutants, improved treatment processes (i.e., coagulation, color removal, and oxidation of iron and manganese), taste and odor control, and reduced chlorine demand of treated water (16,32). One of the primary reasons that utilities implement biological treatment is to reduce nutrient levels in the treated water, which in turn can limit the potential for bacterial regrowth in the distribution system. Although concerns regarding the higher levels of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria in the effluents of biological filters have been raised, the changes in the composition of distribution system microbial populations resulting from a shift in the nutrient levels following biological treatment may have a much more dramatic impact on water quality. While the numbers of organisms in conventionally and biologically treated systems may not differ significantly, the population composition may reveal the largest impact of biologically activated filtration.The goals of our work were to use pilot-scale conventional and biological treatment to study (i) microbial population changes throughout the distribution system, including biofilm samples and water column samples; (ii) the impact of postdisinfection with free chlorine on microbial populations; and (iii) the impact of corrosion control and pipe materials on microbial populations. Identification and characterization of these populations were made possible through the use of f...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A Pilot Study of Bacteriological Population Changes through Potable Water Treatment and Distribution

Norton

LeChevallier

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

201

118

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“…Available methods include physical-chemical [3], biological [4,5] and catalytic processes [6,7]. Physical-chemical process, such as ion-exchange, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis, may concentrate nitrate ions into brine, which has to be treated afterwards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption and reduction of nitrate in water on hydrotalcite-supported Pd-Cu catalyst

Wang

Liu

et al. 2007

Catalysis Today

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“…277 It is important to note that UV disinfection is not effective on UV 870 resistant microorganisms [278][279][280] and that the presence of UV absorbing organic and inorganic 871 compounds or suspended particles in water will reduce the UV fluence, and therefore higher 872 UV doses are required to inactivate microorganisms. 873…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding, Monitoring, and Controlling Biofilm Growth in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

Liu¹,

Gunawan

Barraud

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

362

174

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ABSTRACT:In drinking water distribution systems (DWDS), biofilms are the predominant 1 mode of microbial growth with the presence of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 2 protecting the biomass from environmental and shear stresses. Biofilm formation poses a 3 significant problem to the drinking water industry as a potential source of bacterial 4 contamination, including pathogens and in many cases also affecting the taste and odor of 5 drinking water and promotes corrosion of pipes. This article critically reviews important 6 research findings on biofilm growth in DWDS, examining the factors affecting their 7 formation and characteristics, as well as the various technologies to characterize, monitor and 8 ultimately, to control their growth. Research indicates that temperature fluctuations 9 potentially affect not only the initial bacteria-to-surface attachment but also the growth rates 10 of biofilms. For the latter, the effect is unique for each type of biofilm-forming bacteria -11 ammonia oxidizing bacteria for example, grow more developed biofilms at typical summer 12 temperature of 22C compared to 12C in fall , while the opposite occurs for the pathogenic 13 RNA, EPS, protein and lipid stains) and electron microscopy imaging (ESEM). Importantly, 24 thorough identification of microbial fingerprints in drinking water biofilms is achievable with 25 3

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Biological treatment of public water supplies

Cited by 97 publications

References 123 publications

A Pilot Study of Bacteriological Population Changes through Potable Water Treatment and Distribution

A Pilot Study of Bacteriological Population Changes through Potable Water Treatment and Distribution

Adsorption and reduction of nitrate in water on hydrotalcite-supported Pd-Cu catalyst

Understanding, Monitoring, and Controlling Biofilm Growth in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

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