Biological treatment of salty wastewater

Smythe, Gary; Matelli, G.N.; Bradford, Mike; Rocha, Carlos Márcio Soares

doi:10.1002/ep.3300160313

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Work has shown that nitrification does not occur at wastewater sait concentrations greater than 1% and that greater salt concentrations can be treated using systems with slight modifications. in fact, activated sludge systems can be used in the 6% to 8% salt range as long as high effluent TSS concentrations are acceptable (Woolard and h i n e , 1994;Smythe, et al, 1997). Oil field brine wastewater is particularly diflïcult to treat since it has high saluuty but also other inhibitors of rnicrobiological processes, such as deparaffinators and deernulsZers.…”

Section: Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Salinity on Physical Characteristics of Activated Sludge Flocs

Cousin

Ganczarczyk

1998

Water Quality Research Journal

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The effect of increased wastewater salinity on the physical characteristics of activated sludge flocs was studied. Samples of activated sludge were exposed to increments of NaCl and the physical structure of the individual flocs, was then investigated. A time response of the flocs to these changes was also measured. Two separate series of tests were run and for both series, it was determined that as the NaCl concentration increased, the mean floc area, equivalent diameter, perimeter and longest dimension all increased, with the flocs becoming more elongated with decreasing shape factor. The mechanism involved in the increase of the floc sizes is considered to be a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Examination of the size distributions revealed that the data were best fitted by a log normal distribution and that, as the NaCl concentration was increased, the distribution of the characteristic tended to shift towards a higher proportion of larger values, or smaller values for the shape factor results. Both the porosity and boundary fractal dimension were found to provide different values in the two series of tests. The flocs were found to exhibit two distinct Sierpinski fractal dimensions, thus indicating the presence of two pore size populations. The increasing salinity had little effect on the smaller pore size population, but a significant effect on the larger pore size population. The time response test indicated that the flocs achieved the new characteristics in about 15 minutes.

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Section: Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Salinity on Physical Characteristics of Activated Sludge Flocs

Cousin

Ganczarczyk

1998

Water Quality Research Journal

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Pilot scale sequencing batch reactor with porous media was able to treat wastewater containing 15% salt concentration when special culture of bacteria was used. The result showed 90% removal of phenol [6].Tannins form stable complexes with protein, thus making it resistant to microbial decomposition. Concentration of tannins of the order of 0.3±2 g/l strongly inhibited the formation of methanogens [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of chloride and condensable tannin in anaerobic degradation of tannery wastewaters

Vijayaraghavan

Ramanujam

1999

Bioprocess Engineering

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Toxic effect due to chloride and condensable tannin on anaerobic digestion of vegetable tanning wastewater was investigated at different hydraulic retention times viz 24, 48 and 60 hr respectively. The toxicity to anaerobic contact ®lter was observed at a chloride concentration of 4500 mg/l and tannin concentration of 790 mg/l respectively under synergistic condition. In the case of constant in¯uent tannin concentration of 600 mg/l, the toxicity due to chloride on anaerobic contact ®lter was observed at 5500 mg/l. The COD removal percent ranged from 50% to 79% at 48 hr and 67% to 91% at 60 hr HRT respectively. In the case of constant in¯uent chloride concentration of 4000 mg/l and at an increasing in¯uent COD concentration, the toxicity due to tannin on anaerobic contact ®lter was observed at 1180 mg/l. The COD removal percent ranged from 64% to 89% at 48 hr and 78% to 96% at 60 hr HRT respectively. The results showed that at least 60 hr HRT would be desirable to have good COD removal percent. IntroductionTanning industry is one of the most signi®cant polluters in terms of both conventional and toxic parameters. In addition to high COD concentration, the tannery wastewater contains soluble sulphide, ammonium, sodium chloride, vegetable tanning compounds and chromium (III) which leads to unfavourable conditions in anaerobic digestion process due to their interference with metabolic activities of microorganisms. Also biological treatment of wastewater containing high concentration of chlorides usually results in low BOD removal due to the adverse effect of chloride on microbial¯ora.Biological treatment of saline wastewater using halobacter halobium was used along with activated sludge culture to treat synthetic wastewater composed of diluted molasses, urea, KH 2 PO 4 and MgSO 4 containing 1±5% NaCl in an anaerobic biological reactor (RBC) by fed batch operation [1].Methanogenic bacteria and the extreme halophilic bacteria are both members of Archaeobacteria [2]. Biogenic methane gas from hypersaline environments has been reported in the Gulf of Mexico with a salinity of 188 g/l has a methane content of 2 ml/l. Methanol, trimethylamine and methionine enrichments from Big Soda Lake, an alkaline and moderately hypersaline desert lake (pH 7.7 and salinosity of 87 g/l), also produced methane [3].High salt concentrations (>1% salt) can cause plasmolysis and or loss of activity of cells. Studies with Bacillus cereus indicated that endogenous respiration rate of the culture increased with NaCl concentrations upto 1% but decreased above this concentration [4]. Adaptation of E. coli to NaCl studies indicated that cells exhibited the greatest degree of adaptability in the early stationary growth phase [5].Activated sludge systems were able to treat wastewater containing 6% to 8% salt by acclimatizing with municipal sludge as seed. Though the system showed 80% TOC removal, it was sensitive and experienced high concentration of suspended solids in the ef¯uent. Pilot scale sequencing batch reactor with porous media was able to t...

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“…Graph fitting was done using available kinetic parameters and inhibitory model equations. Smythe et al (1997) conducted three projects to treat salty wastewater with concentrations of up to 10% salt. Anaerobic systems were able to handle salt concentration up to 1.5%.…”

Section: Toxicity and Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Longitudinal Dispersion of Liquid in Non-Biological and Anaerobic Fixed Film Reactors

Turan¹,

Öztürk²

1997

Environmental Technology

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MICROBIOLOGY Strain Isolation.A hydrogen-producing anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium butyricum strain SC-E I, was isolated from soybean meal and studied under vacuum and nonvacuum systems. The maximal hydrogen production potential by the bacteria ranged from 1.3 to 2.2 mol Hz/mol glucose, which was less than 50% of theoretical values (Kataoka et aI., 1997). The ability of a sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, to reduce molybdenum(VI) and molybdenum(IV) in anaerobic environments was investigated (Tucker et aI., 1997). The organism was observed to be useful for removing soluble molybdenum from water. The anaerobic bacterial strain Desulfomonile tiedjei was introduced in soil slurry microcosms supplemented with acetate and formate as cosubstrates and was able to achieve dechlorination of 2.5 mM of 3-chlorobenzoate within 12 days (EI Fantroussi et aI., 1997). A DNA extraction and purification method was also presented. Godon et al. (1997) analyzed the bacterial community structure of a fluidized bed reactor fed by vinasses and established three 16S rDNA clone libraries of Bacteria, Archaea, and Procarya.The enzymes from anaerobic fungi, that is, Piromyces sp. strain E2 and Neocallimastix patricia rum strain N2, effectively converted up to 2% (w/v) microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) to glucose and surpassed their commercial counterparts (Celluclast and Novozym) in batch degradation of 2% (w/v) Avicel (Dijkerman et aI., ]997). The anaerobic bacterium Dehalospirillum multivorans was applied to a biofilm reactor at 20°C for reduc-518 S.J.W.H.; Stams, A.

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Biological treatment of salty wastewater

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of Salinity on Physical Characteristics of Activated Sludge Flocs

Effects of Salinity on Physical Characteristics of Activated Sludge Flocs

Effect of chloride and condensable tannin in anaerobic degradation of tannery wastewaters

Comparative Evaluation of Longitudinal Dispersion of Liquid in Non-Biological and Anaerobic Fixed Film Reactors

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