Biological V. Social Definitions of Race: Implications for Modern Biomedical Research

Graves, Jr. Joseph L.

doi:10.1007/s12114-009-9053-3

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Thus, besides Tajima's D, a negative value of Fu's F S for most of our studied populations is evidence for a of singletons in population expansion events (Fu, 1995(Fu, , 1997. It should be noted that even subspecies could be genetically differentiated and that F ST values must be at least 0.25-0.30 for subspecies or races to be recognized (Graves, 2010;Smith, Chiszar, & Montanucci, 1997;Templeton, 1998 (Malini et al, 2015). It is interesting to note that the Oceania populations in our previous study clearly separated as a different putative Maruca species, whereas it was not the case in the current study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…(Fu, 1995(Fu, , 1997. It should be noted that even subspecies could be genetically differentiated and that F ST values must be at least 0.25-0.30 for subspecies or races to be recognized (Graves, 2010;Smith, Chiszar, & Montanucci, 1997;Templeton, 1998). 1 SW1, PG1, TGY1, TG3, TG5, EGW10, VG8, VGB7, VGG8, YGG1, YGG4, VF3, OMK2, OMK4, VM3, OM2, OMC6, XM6, IMS5, IMS9, VNK8, VNK10, VCK1, VCK2, VCK3, GT5, VT1, WT3, WT7, ML4, PL4, VLH2, GV3, MVM1, MVM5, OVB2, VV142, CW2, MW4, PW4, VW13, YW6, CS3, CS7, CD5, YDR3, YDS9 47 2 FA3, FA1-T, Further studies to understand the similarities or differences present between these two forms might be useful, because allelic variations could lead to the presence of homozygotes and heterozygotes in field conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pheromone‐binding proteins based phylogenetics and phylogeography of Maruca spp. from Asia, Africa, Oceania, and South America

Malini

Srinivasan

Schafleitner

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Variations in the functional response of legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata) populations to sex pheromone blends were observed in Asia and Africa. Hence, this study was carried out to understand the differences in pheromone‐binding proteins (PBPs) among Maruca populations in Asia, Africa, Oceania, and South America. A de novo transcriptome assembly was adopted to sequence the entire transcribed mRNAs in M. vitrata from Taiwan. The raw‐sequence data were assembled using homologous genes from related organisms in GenBank to detect M. vitrata PBPs (MvitPBPs). Sections of the cDNA of MvitPBP of different length were used to design primers to amplify the full‐length cDNA of PBPs. All three PBP sequences comprised three exons interspersed by two introns. In total, 92 MvitPBP1 haplotypes, 77 MvitPBP2 haplotypes, and 64 MvitPBP3 haplotypes were identified in 105, 98, and 68 Maruca individuals, respectively. High pairwise FST values (0.41–0.73) and phylogenetic analyses distinguished the putative Maruca species in South America from those occurring in rest of the world, and possibly two putative subspecies in Asia and Africa. The haplotype networks and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery analyses also confirmed these results. The negative Tajima's D and Fu's FS values showed the recent demographic expansion of Maruca populations. Thus, this study confirmed the presence of different Maruca species and/or subspecies in different continents based on the diversity within PBP genes. Additional sampling and studies are suggested for Oceania and South America. The genetic differences among Maruca populations should be carefully considered while using sex pheromone lures and bio‐control agents.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pheromone‐binding proteins based phylogenetics and phylogeography of Maruca spp. from Asia, Africa, Oceania, and South America

Malini

Srinivasan

Schafleitner

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Race is not a biological absolute, but instead is a complex set of categories that are produced and reproduced historically, socially, and politically [37,38]. These categories change over time and differ across locale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physician Knowledge of Human Genetic Variation, Beliefs About Race and Genetics, and Use of Race in Clinical Decision-making

Sellers

Cunningham

Bonham

2018

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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“…vitrata population from different regions including West Africa (Niger, Nigeria, and Burkina Faso), Taiwan and Australia formed the single clade in NJ and ME phylogenetic trees. However, it has to be noted that even subspecies could be sharply genetically differentiated and that F ST values must be at least 0.25–0.30 for subspecies, or races, to be recognized [ 44 – 46 ]. Hence, the M .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeographical Structure in Mitochondrial DNA of Legume Pod Borer (Maruca vitrata) Population in Tropical Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2015

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This study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity and host plant races of M. vitrata population in South and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was used to understand the phylogenetic relationship of geographically different M. vitrata population, but previous studies did not include population from Southeast Asia, the probable center of origin for Maruca, and from east Africa. Extensive sampling was done from different host plant species in target countries. Reference populations from Oceania and Latin America were used. An amplicon of 658 bp was produced by polymerase chain reaction, and 64 haplotypes were identified in 686 M. vitrata individuals. Phylogenetic analysis showed no difference among the M. vitrata population from different host plants. However, the results suggested that M. vitrata has formed two putative subspecies (which cannot be differentiated based on morphological characters) in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, as indicated by the high pairwise FST values (0.44–0.85). The extremely high FST values (≥0.93) of Maruca population in Latin America and Oceania compared to Asian and African population seem to indicate a different species. On the continental or larger geographical region basis, the genetic differentiation is significantly correlated with the geographical distance. In addition, two putative species of Maruca, including M. vitrata occur in Australia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The negative Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS values showed the recent demographic expansion of Maruca population. The haplotype network and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery analyses confirmed the results of phylogenetic analysis. Thus, this study confirmed the presence of three putative Maruca species, including one in Latin America, one in Oceania (including Indonesia) and M. vitrata in Asia, Africa and Oceania. Hence, the genetic differences in Maruca population should be carefully considered while designing the pest management strategies in different regions.

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Biological V. Social Definitions of Race: Implications for Modern Biomedical Research

Abstract: Race, Social construction, Biomedical research, Evolutionary medicine, Race-specific medicine,

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Pheromone‐binding proteins based phylogenetics and phylogeography of Maruca spp. from Asia, Africa, Oceania, and South America

Pheromone‐binding proteins based phylogenetics and phylogeography of Maruca spp. from Asia, Africa, Oceania, and South America

Physician Knowledge of Human Genetic Variation, Beliefs About Race and Genetics, and Use of Race in Clinical Decision-making

Phylogeographical Structure in Mitochondrial DNA of Legume Pod Borer (Maruca vitrata) Population in Tropical Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

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