Biological wastewater treatment and bioreactor design: a review

Narayanan, C. M.; Narayan, Vikas

doi:10.1186/s42834-019-0036-1

Cited by 103 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…According to the change of slopes in this graph, it was possible to distinguish three different regions or phases. (i) First phase (i.e., Days 1–16): microorganisms took 16 days of start‐up to adapt to the new habitat [ 37,38 ] ; (ii) second phase (i.e., Days 17–24): microorganisms in both bioreactors were attracted by a high concentration of fresh feed and could efficiently biodegrade organic materials; (iii) third phase (i.e., Days 25–46): microorganisms in both bioreactors started to immobilize in the support media and formed biofilms, which gradually led to the VSS drop in the suspension part. Reduced amount of VSS in the suspension and the fact that biofilm in the support media was not mature by that time decreased microorganisms' organic decomposing efficiency in this phase; and (iv) fourth phase (i.e., Days 47 to end): starting from Day 47, the sCOD removal efficiency started to recover in the bioreactor containing Foam NaCl,80 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open‐cell polyvinylidene fluoride foams as carriers to promote biofilm growth for biological wastewater treatment

Ghahramani

Eldyasti

Leung

2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This article reports the design and fabrication of open‐cell polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) foams as carriers that can promote biofilm growth and organic removal efficiency for biological wastewater treatment in attached growth bioreactors. Open‐cell PVDF foams were fabricated by a manufacturing approach that integrated compression molding and particulate leaching. PVDF carriers were structured with two governing factors of leaching agent types (e.g., sodium chloride [NaCl] and sodium acetate [NaOAc]) and contents (e.g., 80 and 90 wt%). Open‐cell PVDF foams possessed high porosity and high protected surface area (i.e., more than ×10 to ×20 of the areas of commercialized carriers), which promoted biofilm growth in these carriers. As a successful advantage, PVDF carriers used in the moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) were entirely covered by biofilm in both interior and exterior parts without clogging. This provides strong evidence of the bacterial compatibility of the fabricated open‐cell PVDF foam carriers. Moreover, the specific morphology of the PVDF carriers in this article provided superior biofilm protection from the detachment in MBBR. Experimental results revealed that PVDF open‐cell foams fabricated by 80 wt% of NaCl demonstrated higher mechanical strength with an organic removal efficiency of 77% ± 7% in the corresponding bioreactor containing them.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open‐cell polyvinylidene fluoride foams as carriers to promote biofilm growth for biological wastewater treatment

Ghahramani

Eldyasti

Leung

2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…As compared with most of the physiochemical techniques, biological treatments were reported to be far more superior and well‐suited technique for remediation of inorganic and organic pollution (Lefebvre & Moletta, 2007). In addition, advanced biological methods served as a better substitute for the treatment of industrial and saline effluents (El‐Sheekh et al, 2014; Narayanan & Narayan, 2019; Semenova et al, 2013). It was also peculiarly identified that due to enormous inorganic load in saline wastewater, stand‐alone activated process is not sufficient and, therefore, bio‐augmented system consisting of salt‐tolerant organism and biofilms should be used to improvise the working efficiency of conventional activated sludge process (G. Wu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Biological Treatment Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review

Marathe

Singh

Raghunathan

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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Different industrial activities such as agro‐food processing and manufacturing, leather manufacturing, and paper and pulp production generate highly saline wastewater. Direct discharge of saline wastewater has resulted in pollution of waterbodies by very high magnitudes. Consequently, an enormous number of pollutants such as heavy metals, salts, and organic matter are also released into the environment threatening the survival of human and biota. Saline wastewater also has significant effects on survival of plants, agricultural activities, and groundwater systems. Several treatments and disposal technologies are available for saline wastewater, but the selection of the most appropriate treatment and disposal technology still remains a major challenge with respect to the economic or technical constraints. Considering the sustainable management of saline wastewater, the present review is an attempt to compile the existing and emerging technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Among all the individual and hybrid technologies, land‐based treatment systems are proven to be the most efficient technologies considering the energy demands, economic, and treatment efficiencies. Likewise, new and sustainable technologies are the need of hour integrating both the treatment and management and the resource recovery factors along with the ultimate goal of the protection in terms of human health and environmental aspect. Practitioner points Physico‐chemical treatment technologies for saline wastewater. Combined/Hybrid technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Land‐based treatments as the environment friendly and sustainable method for saline wastewater treatment and disposal. Role of phytoremediation in land‐based treatment.

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“…A POME treatment system based on membrane technology shows high potential for eliminating the environmental problem, and in addition, this alternative treatment system offers water recycling [7]. The treated effluent has a high quality and crystal-clear water that can be used as the boiler feed water or as the source of drinking water production [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative environmental impact evaluation using life cycle assessment approach: a case study of integrated membrane-filtration system for the treatment of aerobically-digested palm oil mill effluent

Teow

Chong

et al. 2021

Sustain Environ Res

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Aiming to mitigate wastewater pollution arising from the palm oil industry, this university-industry research-and-development project focused on the integration of serial treatment processes, including the use of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), pre-treatment with sand filters and activated carbon filters, and membrane technology for aerobically-digested palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. To assess the potential of this sustainable alternative practice in the industry, the developed technology was demonstrated in a pilot-scale facility: four combinations (Combinations I to IV) of unit operations were developed in an integrated membrane-filtration system. Combination I includes a MBBR, pre-treatment unit comprising sand filters and activated carbon filters, ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, while Combination II excludes MBBR, Combination III excludes UF membrane, and Combination IV excludes both MBBR and UF membrane. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate potential environmental impacts arising from each combination while achieving the goal of obtaining recycled and reusable water from the aerobically-digested POME treatment. It is reported that electricity consumption is the predominant factor contributing to most of those categories (50–77%) as the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides, and volatile mercury during the combustion of fossil fuels. Combination I in the integrated membrane-filtration system with all unit operations incurring high electricity consumption (52 MJ) contributed to the greatest environmental impact. Electricity consumption registers the highest impact towards all life cycle impact categories: 73% on climate change, 80% on terrestrial acidification, 51% on eutrophication, and 43% on human toxicity. Conversely, Combination IV is the most environmentally-friendly process, since it involves only two-unit operations – pre-treatment unit (comprising sand filters and activated carbon filters) and RO membrane unit – and thus incurs the least electricity consumption (41.6 MJ). The LCA offers insights into each combination of the operating process and facilitates both researchers and the industry towards sustainable production.

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Biological wastewater treatment and bioreactor design: a review

Cited by 103 publications

References 57 publications

Open‐cell polyvinylidene fluoride foams as carriers to promote biofilm growth for biological wastewater treatment

Open‐cell polyvinylidene fluoride foams as carriers to promote biofilm growth for biological wastewater treatment

Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review

Comparative environmental impact evaluation using life cycle assessment approach: a case study of integrated membrane-filtration system for the treatment of aerobically-digested palm oil mill effluent

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