Biological weighting of ultraviolet (280-400 nm) induced mortality in marine zooplankton and fish. II. Calanus finmarchicus (Copepoda) eggs

Kouwenberg, J. H. M.; Browman, Howard I.; Runge, Jeffrey A.; Cullen, John J.; Davis, Richard F.; St-Pierre, Jean-François

doi:10.1007/s002270050546

Cited by 73 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Smaller organisms (being essentially transparent) are most readily damaged (e.g. Boucher and Prezelin 1996;Boelen et al 2002;Kouwenberg et al 1999). However, larger organisms can also be damaged directly (Blaustein and Kiesecker 2002).…”

Section: The Primary Mechanism--stress From Enhanced Uvbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Ordovician geographic patterns of extinction compared with simulations of astrophysical ionizing radiation damage

Melott¹,

Thomas²

2009

Paleobiology

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Abstrac.t-Based on the intensity and rates of various kinds of intense ionizing radiation events such as supernovae and gamma-ray bursts, it is likely that the Earth has been subjected to one or more events of potential mass extinction level intensity during the Phanerozoic. These induce changes in atmospheric chemistry so that the level of Solar ultraviolet-B radiation reaching the surface and near-surface waters may be approximately doubled for up to one decade. This UVB level is known from experiment to be more than enough to kill off many kinds of organisms, particularly phytoplankton. It could easily induce a crash of the photosynthetic-based food chain in the oceans. Certain regularities in the latitudinal distribution of damage are apparent in computational simulations of the atmospheric changes. We previously proposed that the late Ordovician extinction is a plausible candidate for a contribution from an ionizing radiation event, based on environmental selectivity in trilobites. In order to test a null hypothesis based on this proposal, we confront latitudinal differential extinction rates predicted from the simulations with data from a published analysis of latitudinal gradients in the Ordovician extinction. The pattern of UVB damage always shows a characteristic strong maximum at some latitude, with substantially lower intensity to the north and south of this maximum. We find that the pattern of damage predicted from our simulations is consistent with the data assuming a burst approximately over the South Pole, and no further north than -75°. We predict that any land mass (such as parts of north China, Laurentia, and New Guinea) which then lay north of the equator should be a refugium from the UVB effects, and show a different pattern of extinction in the "first strike" of the end-Ordovician extinction, if it were induced by such a radiation event. More information on extinction strength versus latitude will help test this hypothesis.Melott 2

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Section: The Primary Mechanism--stress From Enhanced Uvbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Ordovician geographic patterns of extinction compared with simulations of astrophysical ionizing radiation damage

Melott¹,

Thomas²

2009

Paleobiology

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“…The zooplankton communities in turn not only depend on phytoplankton availability but also on grazing pressure as well as solar UV and temperature. Even at current levels, solar UV-B radiation can be a limiting factor, and small increases in UV-B exposure could result in significant reductions in the size of the consumer community [133,134]. However, variability in cloud cover, water quality and vertical distribution and displacement within the water column can all have an impact on the magnitude of the UV-B effect.…”

Section: Zooplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on aquatic ecosystems

Häder

Kumar

Smith

et al. 1998

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

334

160

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Regarding the effects of UV-B radiation on aquatic ecosystems, recent scientific and public interest has focused on marine primary producers and on the aquatic web, which has resulted in a multitude of studies indicating mostly detrimental effects of UV-B radiation on aquatic organisms. The interest has expanded to include ecologically significant groups and major biomass producers using mesocosm studies, emphasizing species interactions. This paper assesses the effects of UV-B radiation on dissolved organic matter, decomposers, primary and secondary producers, and briefly summarizes recent studies in freshwater and marine systems.Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) are degradation products of living organisms. These substances are of importance in the cycling of carbon in aquatic ecosystems. UV-B radiation has been found to break down high-molecular-weight substances and make them available to bacterial degradation. In addition, DOC is responsible for short-wavelength absorption in the water column. Especially in coastal areas and freshwater ecosystems, penetration of solar radiation is limited by high concentrations of dissolved and particulate matter. On the other hand, climate warming and acidification result in faster degradation of these substances and thus enhance the penetration of UV radiation into the water column.Several research groups have investigated light penetration into the water column. Past studies on UV penetration into the water column were based on temporally and spatially scattered measurements. The process of spectral attenuation of radiant energy in natural waters is well understood and straightforward to model. Less known is the spatial and temporal variability of in-water optical properties influencing UV attenuation and there are few long-term observations. In Europe, this deficiency of measurements is being corrected by a project involving the development of a monitoring system (ELDONET) for solar radiation using three-channel dosimeters (UV-A, UV-B, PAR) that are being installed from Abisko (North Sweden, 688N, 198E) to Tenerife (Canary Islands, 278N, 178W). Some of the instruments have been installed in the water column (North Sea, Baltic Sea, Kattegat, East and Western Mediterranean, North Atlantic), establishing the first network of underwater dosimeters for continuous monitoring.Bacteria play a vital role in mineralization of organic matter and provide a trophic link to higher organisms. New techniques have substantially changed our perception of the role of bacteria in aquatic ecosystems over the recent past and bacterioplankton productivity is far greater than previously thought, having high division and turnover rates. It has been shown that bacterioplankton play a central role in the carbon flux in aquatic ecosystems by taking up DOC and remineralizing the carbon. Bacterioplankton are more prone to UV-B stress than larger eukaryotic organisms and, based on one study, produce about double the amount of cyclobutane dimers. Recently, th...

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“…Similarly, as fish larvae are visual predators, factors such as the amount of solar radiation may either aid feeding by increasing the visibility of prey, or reduce survival by rendering fish more visible to other predators (Fortier et al 1996). Solar radiation may also reduce larval survival through the damaging effect of ultraviolet radiation on nucleic acids or through epidermal damage (Zagarese and Williamson 2001), or indirectly through its impact on secondary production (Kouwenberg et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental influences on larval duration, growth and magnitude of settlement of a coral reef fish

et al. 2005

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The influence of environmental variables on the planktonic growth, pelagic larval duration and settlement magnitude was examined for the coral reef surgeonfish Acanthurus chirurgus. Newly settled fish were collected daily from patch reefs in the San Blas Archipelago, Caribbean Panama for 3.5 years. Environmental influences on growth were examined at three different life history stages: from 0 to 6 days, 7 to 25 days and from 26 to 50 days after hatching. Larval growth was correlated, using multiple regression techniques, with a combination of factors including solar radiation, rainfall, and along-shore winds. Depending on the life history stage, these accounted for 13-38% of the variation in growth rates when all the months were included in the analyses. Correlations between environmental variables and growth also varied among seasons and were stronger in the dry than in the wet season. During the dry season solar radiation, rainfall and along-shore winds described 57%, 86% and 74% of the variability in growth between 0 and 6 days, 7 and 25 days and 26 and 50 days, respectively. During the wet season rainfall, along-shore winds and temperature only described 38% of the variability in early growth and 27% of growth just before settlement. No significant model was found to describe growth 7-25 days after hatching during the wet season. Rainfall, solar radiation and along-shore winds were negatively correlated with growth up to 25 days after hatching but positively correlated as larvae approached settlement at a mean age of 52 days. Over 65% of the variability in pelagic larval duration was accounted for by a regression model that included solar radiation and along-shore winds. When data sets from wet and dry seasons were analysed separately, alongshore winds accounted for 67% of the change in larval duration in the dry season, and solar radiation accounted for 23% of the variation in larval duration in the wet season. Only 22% of the variability in settlement intensity could be described by solar radiation and temperature, when all months of the year were included in the analysis. Solar radiation and rainfall were included in a regression model that accounted for 40% of the variation in numbers of fish settling during the dry season. This study suggests that the levels of solar radiation, along-shore winds and rainfall during the early larval life can have important effects on the growth, larval duration and consequently, the settlement magnitude of marine fishes. Results also highlight the need to account for seasonality and ontogeny in studies of environmental influences.

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Biological weighting of ultraviolet (280-400 nm) induced mortality in marine zooplankton and fish. II. Calanus finmarchicus (Copepoda) eggs

Cited by 73 publications

References 20 publications

Late Ordovician geographic patterns of extinction compared with simulations of astrophysical ionizing radiation damage

Late Ordovician geographic patterns of extinction compared with simulations of astrophysical ionizing radiation damage

Effects on aquatic ecosystems

Environmental influences on larval duration, growth and magnitude of settlement of a coral reef fish

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