Biologically Active Substances in Subterranean Parts of Purple Nutsedge

Friedman, Theresa; Horowitz, M.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500049225

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Even heavier infestations, up to 5000 and 10 000 tubers per m^, were reported in other warm regions (Hauser, 1962b;Rao, 1968). It has been shown that living and decaying subterranean parts of C. rotundus have inhibiting effects on the germination and establishment of several other plant species (Berger, 1966;Friedman & Horowitz, 1970, 1971Horowitz & Friedman, 1971). The noxiousness of C. rotundus as a weed is thus explained not only by the competition for nutrients and water necessary to produce the rapidly expanding plant material, but also by phytotoxic effects caused by the plant material accumulating and decaying in the soil layer where seeds germinate and root.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GROWTH, TUBER FORMATION AND SPREAD OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. FROM SINGLE TUBERS*

Horowitz¹

1972

Weed Research

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Summary. Single tubers of Cyperus rotundus L. were planted at intervals over the year. Plant growth was slow and sprouting of tubers was inhibited at temperatures below 20°C, but tubers overwintered at temperatures above freezing point. In the warm season, plant growth and tuber formation rate closely followed air temperature and tubers were forming within 1 month from planting. No inflorescence appeared during the cool season. In autumn‐planted C. rotundus grown in containers, the ratio of aerial to subterranean weight decreased from 1·1 in December to 0·2–0·4 in summer. The weight of tubers in mid‐summer was about 10 times more than that present in December. Tubers formed at ail times of year and at various locations on plants sprouted readily in laboratory tests (76–100% sprouting). C. rotundus planted in March at wide spacings was grown in field conditions free of other plant competition for 20 months. Within 2 months the plants had spread to 90 cm. At the end of the first and the second summer of growth, the mean area of one plant was 7·6 m2 and 56·7 m2, respectively, and patches had expanded then by 2·8 m and 5·4 m, respectively, from the initial shoot. After 20 months of growth all tubers were present within the 0–40 cm soil depth, 60–70% of them in the 0–20 cm layer. About 30% of the tubers were within 1 m and 60% within 2 m of the plant centre. Under the patch centre there were about 1000 tubers per m2 with 0·3 kg dry weight; in the upper 20 cm more than 3500 tubers weighing 0·9 kg were present per m3 of soil. Croissance, formation de tubercules et propagation de Cyperus rotundus L. issu de tubercules uniques

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GROWTH, TUBER FORMATION AND SPREAD OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. FROM SINGLE TUBERS*

Horowitz¹

1972

Weed Research

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“…The presence of inhibitors in tubers was suggested to cause bud dormancy. Phenolic compounds (Friedman & Horowitz 1971; Jangaard et al 1971) and abscisic acid (Teo et al 1974) were found in tubers, and were suggested to be substances that may inhibit tuber sprouting. Teo et al (1974) also showed that the treatment of buds with abscisic acid inhibited sprouting, which was reversed by the presence of N ‐6‐benzyladenine.…”

Section: Tuber Dormancy and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Purple nutsedge tuber sprouting

Nishimoto

2001

Weed Biology and Management

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Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) tubers remain viable for several years and serve as its principal means of survival. The maintenance of high moisture content is essential to tuber survival. Apical dominance influences bud dormancy within a tuber and in a chain of tubers, and dormancy increases with tuber age. Several growth inhibitors were identified in tubers, but their role in tuber dormancy has not been established. Moisture levels in soil must increase to a critical level before sprouting occurs, but excess soil moisture deters sprouting. Oxygen may be a limiting factor for tuber sprouting in waterlogged soils. Although light is not a requirement for sprouting, it has promoted sprouting. Temperature regulates sprouting; no sprouting occured below 10°C and above 45°C. Optimum sprouting occurred between 25 and 35°C when provided with constant temperatures. However, daily alternating temperatures greatly stimulated sprouting. A daily short duration (0.5 h) of high temperature increased sprouting to nearly 100%, whereas less than 50% sprouting occurred without the daily high temperature pulse. Bud break occurred readily for most tubers at 20°C and in nearly 100% of the tubers with a single 0.5 h exposure to a high temperature (35°C) pulse. However, most buds did not elongate if the tuber remained at 20°C. Bud elongation occurred at higher temperatures, and daily alternating temperatures stimulated shoot elongation up to eightfold greater than at the respective mean constant temperatures. Daily soil temperature fluctuation may be a major signal for purple nutsedge emergence, such as when the plant canopy is removed, or when soils are solarized. Future research is needed to determine tuber sprouting for different ecotypes, and on the role of the rhizome chain. Systems to manipulate sprouting may provide new strategies for purple nutsedge management.

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“…Berger & Day (1967) found many growth inhibitors were present in the foliage and tubers of C. rotundus and cited salicylic acid as the major cause of tuber dormancy in spite of the fact that it was not found in the tubers. Other workers (Friedman & Horowitz, 1971;Jangaard et al, 1971) have also reported the presence of phenolic compounds in the foliage and subterranean structures of purple nutsedge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Bud inhibition of Cyperus rotundus L. tubers by inhibitor β or abscisic acid and the reversal of these effects by N‐6‐benzyl adenine*

1974

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung The acidic ether fraction of methanol extracts from Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) tubers contained inhibitory substances described hereafter as inhibitor β. Inhibitor β inhibited sprouting of excised C. rotundus buds and also the elongation of wheat coleoptiles. The inhibition of bud sprouting by inhibitor β was reversed by the application of N‐6‐benzyl adenine (BA). Applications of abscisic acid (ABA) also inhibited sprouting of the excised buds and this was similarly reversed by BA applications. Chromatographic evidence suggested that inhibitor β mainly consisted of phenolic materials and possibly ABA as a minor component. The role of BA in enhancing sprouting of C rotundus tubers is discussed. Inhibition des bourgeons de bulbes de Cyperus rotundus L. par I'inhibiteur β ou l'acide abscissique et réversion de ces effects par la N‐6‐benzyl adénine La fraction éther acide d'extraits, par le méthanol. de bulbes de Cyperus rotundus L. contient des substances inhibitrices decrites ci‐après comme I'inhibiteur β. Cet inhibiteur β a inhibé la germination de bulbes isolés de C. rotundus ainsi que l'élongation de coléoptiles de blé. L'inhibition de la germination des bourgeons par I'inhibiteur βété renversée par l'application de la N‐6‐benzyl adénine (B.A.). Des applications d'acide abscissique (ABA) ont également inhibé la germination de bourgeons isolés et cet effet a été lui aussi renversé par des applications de B.A. Les chromatogrammes suggèrent que l'inhibiteur β est principalement constitué par des composés phénoliques et peut‐être par I'ABA comme composant mineur. Le rôle de la B.A. dans l'inhibition de la germination des bulbes de C. rotundus est discuté. Knospenhemmung der Knollen von Cyperus rotundus L. durch Hemmstoff β oder Abscisinsäure und die Umkehrung dieser Effekte durch N‐6‐Benzylmlenin Die saure Fraktion aus methanolischen Extrakten von Cyperus rotundus L.‐Knollen enthielten Hemmstoffe, die im folgenden als Hemmstoff β bezeichnet werden. Hemmstoff β hemmte das Sprossen isolierter C. rotundus‐Knospen und die Streckung von Weizenkoleoptilen. Die Hemmung der Knospensprossung durch Hemmstoff β wurde durch An‐wendung von N‐6‐Benzyladenin (BA) aufgehoben. Abscisinsäure (ABA) hemmte auch das Sprossen isolierter Knospen; durch BA wurde es auf ähnliche Weise aufgehoben. Der chromatographische Befund deutet darauf hin. Daß Hemmstoff β sich hauptsächlich aus phenolischen Verbindungen zusammensetzt und möglicherweise in gering‐em Unfang ABA enthält. Die Rolle von BA auf die Förderung der Keimung von C. rotundus‐Knollen wird diskutiert.

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Biologically Active Substances in Subterranean Parts of Purple Nutsedge

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

GROWTH, TUBER FORMATION AND SPREAD OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. FROM SINGLE TUBERS*

GROWTH, TUBER FORMATION AND SPREAD OF CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. FROM SINGLE TUBERS*

Purple nutsedge tuber sprouting

Bud inhibition of Cyperus rotundus L. tubers by inhibitor β or abscisic acid and the reversal of these effects by N‐6‐benzyl adenine*

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