Biologics in COVID-19 So Far: Systematic Review

Arias, Milton; Oliveros, Henry; Lechtig, Sharon; Bustos, Rosa-Helena

doi:10.3390/ph15070783

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Many other anti-inflammatory and anti-cytokine agents or inflammation-modulating biologics (Jones et al ., 2021; Arias et al ., 2022), such as anti-IL-1 agent Anakinra, have been tried in severe COVID. It is quoted that there are more than 150 clinical trials on biologic therapy for COVID-19 in progress (González-Gay et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Hypometabolism and Hypermetabolism In Brain Areas Revealed B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 as a polymorphic inflammatory spectrum of diseases: a review with focus on the brain

Tang

Helmeste

Leonard

2023

Acta Neuropsychiatr.

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There appear to be huge variations and aberrations in the reported data in COVID-19 two years now into the pandemic. Conflicting data exist at almost every level and also in the reported epidemiological statistics across different regions. It is becoming clear that COVID-19 is a polymorphic inflammatory spectrum of diseases and there is a wide range of inflammation-related pathology and symptoms in those infected with the virus. The host’s inflammatory response to COVID-19 appears to be determined by genetics, age, immune status, health status and stage of disease. The interplay of these factors may decide the magnitude, duration, types of pathology, symptoms, and prognosis in the spectrum of COVID-19 disorders, and whether neuropsychiatric disorders continue to be significant. Early and successful management of inflammation reduces morbidity and mortality in all stages of COVID-19.

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Section: Hypometabolism and Hypermetabolism In Brain Areas Revealed B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 as a polymorphic inflammatory spectrum of diseases: a review with focus on the brain

Tang

Helmeste

Leonard

2023

Acta Neuropsychiatr.

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“… 4 , 5 These efforts identified several potential therapeutics and resulted in some “hits” that have been of use, such as dexamethasone for ICU and ventilated patients, Paxlovid (orally active), and Remdesivir (iv infusion) antivirals for use in infected patients at risk of morbidity or death from severe infection. 6–8 Administration of convalescent plasma from recovered COVID-19 patients was also reported to prevent hospitalizations in a clinical trial of outpatients with recently confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. 9 Along those same lines, combination therapy with Bamlanivimab and Etesevimab monoclonal antibodies reduced viral load in patients with mild to moderate illness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lipid Nanoparticle-Based Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Host Cell Infection

Yathindranath,

Safa,

Tomczyk

et al. 2024

IJN

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Purpose The global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the lingering threat to public health has fueled the search for effective therapeutics to treat SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to develop lipid nanoparticle (LNP) inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry to reduce viral infection in the nose and upper airway. Methods Two types of LNP formulations were prepared following a microfluidic mixing method. The LNP-Trap consisted of DOPC, DSPC, cholesterol, and DSPE-PEG-COOH modified with various spike protein binding ligands, including ACE2 peptide, recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) or monoclonal antibody to spike protein (mAb). The LNP-Trim consisted of ionizing cationic DLin-MC3-DMA, DSPC, cholesterol, and DMG-PEG lipids encapsulating si ACE2 or si TMPRSS2 . Both formulations were assayed for biocompatibility and cell uptake in airway epithelial cells (Calu-3). Functional assessment of activity was performed using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding assays (LNP-Trap), host receptor knockdown (LNP-Trim), and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay (LNP-Trap and LNP-Trim). Localization and tissue distribution of fluorescently labeled LNP formulations were assessed in mice following intranasal administration. Results Both LNP formulations were biocompatible based on cell impedance and MTT cytotoxicity studies in Calu-3 cells at concentrations as high as 1 mg/mL. LNP-Trap formulations were able to bind spike protein and inhibit pseudovirus infection by 90% in Calu-3 cells. LNP-Trim formulations reduced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 at the mRNA (70% reduction) and protein level (50% reduction). The suppression of host targets in Calu-3 cells treated with LNP-Trim resulted in over 90% inhibition of pseudovirus infection. In vivo studies demonstrated substantial retention of LNP-Trap and LNP-Trim in the nasal cavity following nasal administration with minimal systemic exposure. Conclusion Both LNP-Trap and LNP-Trim formulations were able to safely and effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral infection in airway epithelial cells. These studies provide proof-of-principle for a localized treatment approach for SARS-CoV-2 in the upper airway.

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“… 2 Several studies have identified elevated levels of IL6 as it relates to SARS-CoV-2, thus making the anti-IL6 properties of tocilizumab favorable for treating severe illness. 2 , 3 Therefore, we theorize that asthmatics on biologics are at less risk of developing severe infections due to concurrent biologic treatment than those not on biologics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%