Biology and applications of Clonostachys rosea

Abstract

Clonostachys rosea is a promising saprophytic filamentous fungus that belongs to phylum Ascomycota. Clonostachys rosea is widespread around the world and exists in many kinds of habitats, with the highest frequency in soil. As an excellent mycoparasite, C. rosea exhibits strong biological control ability against numerous fungal plant pathogens, nematodes and insects. These behaviours are based on the activation of multiple mechanisms such as secreted cell-walldegrading enzymes, production of antifungal secondary metabolites and induction of plant defence systems. Besides having significant biocontrol activity, C. rosea also functions in the biodegradation of plastic waste, biotransformation of bioactive compounds, as a bioenergy sources and in fermentation. This mini review summarizes information about the biology and various applications of C. rosea and expands on its possible uses.

The bud rot pathogens infecting cannabis (Cannabis sativa L., marijuana) inflorescences: symptomology, species identification, pathogenicity and biological control

“…Growth and sporulation of the biocontrol fungi on the inflorescences, as observed under the scanning electron microscope, was prolific, indicating they were well established within 48 h. Applications made 24 h prior to, or 24 h after pathogen inoculation, had no suppressive effect (authors, unpublished observations). Previous research with G. roseum (Clonostachys rosea) has demonstrated its efficacy and utility against a number of pathogens, including B. cinerea, on a range of crops (Sutton et al 1997;Chatterton and Punja 2010;Sun et al 2021). The various modes of action described for Trichoderma, Gliocladium and Bacillus against B. cinerea and other pathogens (Sutton et al 1997;McPartland et al 2000;Benítez et al 2004;Haidar et al 2016;Nicot et al 2016;Samaras et al 2020;Sood et al 2020;Sun et al 2021) are likely taking place against Botrytis bud rot but further studies are needed.…”

“…Previous research with G. roseum (Clonostachys rosea) has demonstrated its efficacy and utility against a number of pathogens, including B. cinerea, on a range of crops (Sutton et al 1997;Chatterton and Punja 2010;Sun et al 2021). The various modes of action described for Trichoderma, Gliocladium and Bacillus against B. cinerea and other pathogens (Sutton et al 1997;McPartland et al 2000;Benítez et al 2004;Haidar et al 2016;Nicot et al 2016;Samaras et al 2020;Sood et al 2020;Sun et al 2021) are likely taking place against Botrytis bud rot but further studies are needed. The timing of application of these biocontrol products needs to be evaluated on whole plants to ensure they are established prior to the penultimate 2-3 weeks before harvest when disease symptoms become apparent.…”

Endophytic Fungi of Olive Tree

“…mentioned in Table 1 are also known as endophytic associates exhibiting antifungal effects [ 73 ]. Traditionally known as a biocontrol agent of the grey mold agent B. cinerea [ 74 ], Clonostachys rosea (= Bionectria ochroleuca ) has also disclosed potential against insects and nematodes [ 75 ], likewise Purpureocillium lilacinum [ 76 ]. Already employed in the formulation of biopesticides, the latter species has been reported for antagonism against V. dahliae on eggplant, along with plant growth promoting effects [ 77 ].…”

Genetic determinants of endophytism in the Arabidopsis root mycobiome

“…Therefore, differences in expression and diversification of this gene family are potential contributors to the differentiation between detrimental and non-detrimental fungi in the A. thaliana root mycobiome, especially since Arabidopsis cell-wall composition is a determinant factor for its disease resistance 51,52 . Notably, expansion of the PL1_7 gene family was observed in plant pathogens but also in the biocontrol fungus C. rosea (Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales), a fungal species with mycoparasitic and plant endophytic capacity 53,54 that is phylogenetically closely related to multiple of our root mycobiota members. Genetic manipulation of the C. rosea pel12 gene revealed a direct involvement of the protein in pectin degradation, but not in C. rosea biocontrol towards the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea 41 .…”