Biology and biocontrol potential of<i>Ampelomyces</i>mycoparasites, natural antagonists of powdery mildew fungi

Kiss, Levente; Russell, John C.; Szentiványi, Orsolya; Xu, Xiangming; Jeffries, Peter

doi:10.1080/09583150410001683600

Cited by 117 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Favorable conditions for the formation of Microsphaera alphitoides conidia are sunny and warm springs and summers, while their germination requires moisture in the form of drops [34,35]. By retaining more water from precipitation, the pathogen ensures favorable conditions for the development of mycelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the Wettability and Water Storage Capacity of Common Oak Leaves (Quercus robur L.)

Klamerus‐Iwan

Witek

2018

Water

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Abstract:The canopy water storage capacity and wettability of the plant material are significantly dependent on the condition of the leaf surface. The aim of the present research was an analysis of the influence of infection with oak powdery mildew, seasonal changes occurring on leaves and factors related to location on the surface of leaves and their hydrological properties. This study performed a series of experiments connecting the direct spraying of tree branches with simulated rainfall under laboratory conditions; an analysis of the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in leaves with the use of the chromatograph; and measurements of the angles of adherence of raindrops to the leaf surface. Degree of wettability was determined and, additionally, photographs were taken with a scanning electron microscope. The experiments were performed on common oak (Quercus robur L.) both in the city and in the forest, on two dates: in May and September. All series of measurements were done on healthy leaves and on leaves covered with oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. et Maubl.) to various degrees. Oak powdery mildew has the largest influence on the canopy water storage capacity and on hydrophobicity. In September, the leaves retained an average of 7.2 g/g more water than in May; and, in the leaves from the city, the canopy water storage capacity was 3.1 g/g higher. A decreasing angle of inclination of raindrops to leaves testified to growing wettability and increased the amount of water retained in tree crowns. An additional analysis of SEM photographs points to a dependency of the canopy water storage capacity on the condition of the surface of leaves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the Wettability and Water Storage Capacity of Common Oak Leaves (Quercus robur L.)

Klamerus‐Iwan

Witek

2018

Water

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“…Since the 1970s, a number of Ampelomyces strains have been studied as biocontrol 71 agents (BCAs) of powdery mildew infections of economically important crops such as 72 grapevine and cucumber (Kiss et al 2004). Among these, strain AQ10 or M-10 (CNCM 73 accession number I-807), isolated from an Oidium sp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sporulation rate in culture and mycoparasitic activity, but not mycohost specificity, are the key factors for selecting Ampelomyces strains for biocontrol of grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator)

et al. 2015

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Sporulation rate in culture and mycoparasitic activity, but not mycohost specificity, are the key factors for selecting Ampelomyces strains for biocontrol of grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) To develop a new biofungicide product against grapevine powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe necator, cultural characteristics and mycoparasitic activities of pre-selected strains of Ampelomyces spp. were compared in laboratory tests to the commercial strain AQ10. Then a two-year experiment was performed in five vineyards with a selected strain, RS1-a, and the AQ10 strain. This consisted of autumn sprays in vineyards as the goal was to reduce the number of chasmothecia of E. necator, and, thus, the amount of overwintering inocula, instead of targeting the conidial stage of the pathogen during spring and summer. This is a yet little explored strategy to manage E. necator in vinyeards. Laboratory tests compared the growth and sporulation of colonies of a total of 33 strains in culture; among these, eight strains with superior characteristics were compared to the commercial product AQ10 Biofungicide® in terms of their intra-hyphal spread, pycnidial production, and reduction of both asexual and sexual reproduction in E. necator colonies. Mycoparasitic activities of the eight strains Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporationisolated from six different powdery mildew species, including E. necator, did not depend on their mycohost species of origin. Strain RS1-a, isolated from rose powdery mildew, showed, together with three strains from E. necator, the highest rate of parasitism of E. necator chasmothecia. In field experiments, both strains AQ10 and RS1-a, applied twice in autumn, significantly delayed and reduced early-season development of grapevine powdery mildew in the next year. Therefore, instead of mycohost specificity of Ampelomyces presumed in some works, but not confirmed by this study, the high sporulation rate in culture and the mycoparasitic patterns became the key factors for proposing strain RS1-a for further development as a biocontrol agent of E. necator.Response to Reviewers: Our replies and reactions to the Guest Editor's comments are included in a file uploaded as 'REPLY to Reviewers 9 Dec 2015.doc'.All the changes done in the revised (EJPP-D-15-00371_R1) submission are shown with 'track changes' in a file uploaded as 'Ampelo_screening_second revision WITH CHANGES.doc'. The second revised ('_R2') version uploaded today in the EJPP system is exactly this document after accepting all the 'track changes'. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems CorporationSporulation rate in culture and mycoparasitic activity, but not To develop a new biofungicide product against grapevine powdery mildew, caused by 27Erysiphe necator, cultural characteristics and mycoparasitic activities of pre-selected strains 28 of Ampelomyces spp. were compared in laboratory tests to the commercial strain AQ10. Then 29 a two-year experiment was performed in five ...

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“…ex Schltdl. are wide-spread hyperparasites found on more than 65 Erysiphales species [1]. Their hyphae penetrate the vegetative mycelium as well as conidiophores and conidia of the host fungus, thus forming inside them the spore-forming structures, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capability of hyperparasites to infest different Erysiphales species, to suppress their sporulation as well as to inhibit the formation and development of chasmothecia has contributed to the advance of research addressing mainly the aspect of the application of Ampelomyces fungi in the biological control of powdery mildews [1,[8][9][10][11]. From the economic point of view, Erysiphales species constitute a significant group of phytopathogens of multiple fruit plants and crops.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Hyperparasites may also colonize ascogonia and antheridia as well as young, immature chasmothecia of powdery mildews, transforming them into their own reproductive structures. Infested ascomata do not reach the stage of maturity, do not form appendages nor ascospores, which is linked with the reduction of the source of primary infections [3][4][5][6][7].The capability of hyperparasites to infest different Erysiphales species, to suppress their sporulation as well as to inhibit the formation and development of chasmothecia has contributed to the advance of research addressing mainly the aspect of the application of Ampelomyces fungi in the biological control of powdery mildews [1,[8][9][10][11]. From the economic point of view, Erysiphales species constitute a significant group of phytopathogens of multiple fruit plants and crops.…”

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Ampelomyces hyperparasites – occurrence and effect on the development of ascomata of Erysiphales species under conditions of anthropopressure

et al. 2012

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Species of the genus Ampelomyces Ces. ex Schltdl. are wide-spread hyperparasites found on more than 65 Erysiphales species [1]. Their hyphae penetrate the vegetative mycelium as well as conidiophores and conidia of the host fungus, thus forming inside them the spore-forming structures, i.e. pycnidia [2]. Hyperparasites may also colonize ascogonia and antheridia as well as young, immature chasmothecia of powdery mildews, transforming them into their own reproductive structures. Infested ascomata do not reach the stage of maturity, do not form appendages nor ascospores, which is linked with the reduction of the source of primary infections [3][4][5][6][7].The capability of hyperparasites to infest different Erysiphales species, to suppress their sporulation as well as to inhibit the formation and development of chasmothecia has contributed to the advance of research addressing mainly the aspect of the application of Ampelomyces fungi in the biological control of powdery mildews [1,[8][9][10][11]. From the economic point of view, Erysiphales species constitute a significant group of phytopathogens of multiple fruit plants and crops. Of high interest to researchers world-wide is also the problem of the genetic diversity of fungi of the genus Ampelomyces, which is still little known and requires in-depth examinations [12][13][14][15][16].World and Polish literature provides a lot of information about presence Ampelomyces fungi on different Erysiphales species in natural condition ([11,17-24]. Relatively few investigations were focused on the ecology of these hyperparasites and their natural occurrence on various Erysiphales species under urban condition [25][26][27]. Therefore, the Department of Mycology of University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn began studies on the occurrence of fungi from the genus Ampelomyces and their impact on the development Erysiphales in urban environment [28][29][30]. Data is also lacking on the effect of Ampelomyces fungi on the development of fruiting bodies of different species of powdery mildews infecting non-farming plants [29]. Works addressing this issue are devoted almost exclusively to a dangerous pathogen of grapevine -Erysiphe necator (Uncinula necator) - [3,5,6,31].An analysis of the colonization of Erysiphales ascomata by Ampelomyces as well as the effect of mycoparasites on their development seems to be crucial in understanding the role of such antagonists in the natural dynamics of a powdery mildew population in its natural environment.The objective of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of fungi of the genus Ampelomyces and their effect on the development of ascomata of species of powdery mildews in the urban environment. AbstractFungi of the genus Ampelomyces are the major antagonists of Erysiphales fungi being a significant group of phytopathogens. The hyperparasites attack various developmental stages of powdery mildews. As a result the infested ascomata do not reach the stage of maturity, do not form appendages nor ascospores, which is linked with a reduction of ...

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Biology and biocontrol potential ofAmpelomycesmycoparasites, natural antagonists of powdery mildew fungi

Cited by 117 publications

References 57 publications

Variability in the Wettability and Water Storage Capacity of Common Oak Leaves (Quercus robur L.)

Variability in the Wettability and Water Storage Capacity of Common Oak Leaves (Quercus robur L.)

Sporulation rate in culture and mycoparasitic activity, but not mycohost specificity, are the key factors for selecting Ampelomyces strains for biocontrol of grapevine powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator)

Ampelomyces hyperparasites – occurrence and effect on the development of ascomata of Erysiphales species under conditions of anthropopressure

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