The chemical composition of the essential oils from the needles of Pinus ponderosa (north american pine), P. resinosa (red pine) and P. strobus (eastern white pine) has been determined by GC/MS (FID). The essential oils from P. resinosa and P. ponderosa in comparison to P. strobus have been characterized by the higher content of -pinene (42.4%, 45.7% and 7.9% respectively). On the other hand, α-pinene (17.7%) and germacrene D (12.2%) were dominant compounds of P. strobus. Moreover the essential oil from P. resinosa was more rich in myrcene-15.9%. Estragole and ∆-3-carene, each one in amount ca 8% were identified only in P. ponderosa. The content of essential oils in the needles slightly varied Ð 0.65% Ð P. resinosa, 0.4% Ð P. strobus, 0.3% Ð P. ponderosa. The antifungal activity has been investigated towards Fusarium culmorum, F. solani and F. poae. The strongest activity was observed for the essential oil from P. ponderosa, which fully inhibited the growth of fungi at the following concentrations Ð F. culmorum, F. solani at 2% and F. poae at 5%.
The mycology of swabs collected from the beak and the cloaca in 4 species of mud and water waders, migrating through various climatic zones,was analysed. Diagnostic standards were used 54 isolates of fungi belonging to 5 genera: Aspergillus - 53.9%, <i>Rhodotorula</i> - 19.6%, <i>Candida</i> - 14.8%, <i>Saccharomyces</i> - 6.9%, and <i>Torulopsis</i> - 4.8%, were obtained. A total number of 15 species of which <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> and <i>A.flavus</i> as well as <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>C. tropicalis</i> and <i>C. glabrata</i> are of the greatest significance in epidemiology of mycoses, was recorded. Numerous fungi were isolated from the cloaca, which indicates that the birds examined are carriers and suggasts that they may take an active part in thc transmission of fungi that arc dangerous for humans and that colonise water reservoirs.
This paper presents the results of the first short-term inventory of fungi species occurring in the Biebrza National Park, one of the biggest and best preserved protected areas of Poland. The paper is focused on a survey of microfungi. Fungi were collected in early autumn 2012, within the framework of a scientific project by the Polish Mycological Society. The results are published in two parts containing micro- and macromycetes, respectively. An annotated list of 188 identified taxa covers true fungi including 33 zygomycetes, 130 ascomycetes (including anamorphs) and 22 basidiomycetes, as well as two chromistan and one protozoan fungal analogues. The identified fungi taxa, inhabiting diverse ecological niches, represent a wide range of trophic groups including saprotrophs, biotrofic and necrotrophic parasites of plants, pathogens of arthropods, fungicolous fungi and species isolated from soil and organic matter. From 188 annotated taxa, 89% (167 species) have not been recorded in the Biebrza National Park until now and four species are newly reported for Poland (<em>Alternaria nobilis, Clonostachys solani, Mariannaea elegans, Metasphaeria cumana</em>). Data on the species richness and taxonomic diversity of the identified fungi are briefly commented in terms of micromycetes role in managing nature conservation.
This paper presents the second part of the results of the first short-term inventory of fungi species occurring in the Biebrza National Park and is focused on a survey of macrofungi. The total number of macrofungi found during the survey in late August 2012 was 289 taxa: 17 ascomycetes and 272 basidiomycetes, inhabiting diverse ecological niches. The identified fungi belonged to ectomycorrhizal symbionts and saprobionts decomposing wood, plant litter and animal remnants. The identity of 25 mycorrhizal fungi species has been confirmed using molecular techniques. Five species are newly reported for Poland (<em>Amanita olivaceogrisea, Lepiota lepida, Stropharia alcis, Xerocomus fennicus, X. cisalpinus</em>) and 225 taxa (79 %) were not known in the Biebrza National Park. Fifty species are endangered in Poland, of which nine species are protected by law. Data on species richness and the taxonomic diversity of the identified fungi are briefly commented in terms of their significance for nature conservation and future research.
The study is part of hydromycological investigations of man-affected water bodies in Olsztyn. Our results show that yeast-like fungi are permanent components in three selected lakes (lakes Tursko, Długie and Skanda). Their abundance and species composition depend on the trophic state of each lake.
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