Biology and control of the sciarid Lycoriella auripila Winn. (Diptera: Lycoriidae) in mushroom culture

Abstract

S U M M A R YT h e life-history of L. auripila, as a pest of mushrooms, is outlined and an explanation is given of the different types of damage caused. T h e most satisfactory control is based on the incorporation of insecticides in compost at spawning. Emulsions of chlorfenvinphos and diazinon at 50 ppm are lethal to young larvae for at least 7 weeks but granular formulations of the former must be applied at roo ppm to achieve comparable results. Drenches of 0.01 yo malathion, applied at about 40 gal/Iooo ft2, are effective against larvae in the casing.

Occurrence and control of mushroom flies during Agaricus bisporus cultivation in Chungnam, Korea

“…특히 시아리드 버섯파리에 의한 피해로는 버섯 생산량이 최대 70%까지도 감소될 수 있다는 보고도 있다 (Beyer et al, 1999). 버섯파리 유충은 배지에서 생장하는 버섯균사를 직접적으로 섭식하고 자실체를 직접 가해함으로서 버섯의 생육 및 수확량을 감소시키고 상품성을 크게 떨어뜨린다 (Hussey and Gurney, 1968;Clift, 1979;White, 1985;Kiel, 2002;Kim et al, 2012). 또한 성충은 병균, 선충, 응 애 등 각종 오염원의 매개체로 간접적인 피해를 일으킨다 (Clift, 1979;Clancy, 1981;Wetzel, 1981;Kim and Hwang, 1996;Shamshad, 2010 …”

Effect of Temperature and Button Mushroom Varieties on Life History of <I>Lycoriella auripila</I> (Diptera: Sciaridae)

“…However, several studies have been previously conducted about various aspects of biology and biological control of L. auripila (Hussey and Gurney 1968, Steffan 1974, Binns 1980, Lee et al 1998, Zamani 2001, Lewandowski et al 2004), in the current study for the Þrst time, we investigated on inßuence of different varieties of button mushroom and wide range of temperatures on development of L. auripila. Using data obtained in this study, 2 linear and 12 nonlinear regression models were tested for simulation of relationship between temperature and development of L. auripila.…”

“…These ßies have a very low economic threshold and their larvae, which are capable of damaging the crop at all stages of production, may cause severe yield losses and can only be controlled by using chemical pesticides (Richardson and Grewal 1991). Their larvae prefer to feed on developing mycelium in compost and casing, destroying sporophore primordial and damaging more mature sporophores by tunneling into the steps, furthermore, they are also the mechanical vectors of the parasitic fungi, Verticillium fungicola (Pruess) (Hussey and Gurney 1968, Grewal 2007, Shamshad et al 2009). …”

Mushroom Host Influence on <I>Lycoriella mali</I> (Diptera: Sciaridae) Life Cycle

“…Eggs are laid singly or in groups of up to 10, in the casing and on the gills or basal stipe of the mushroom. The number of eggs laid by each female is highly variable, but an estimate of 150 Ð170 is realistic (Hussey and Gurney 1968). The incubation period for eggs is Ϸ6 d at 18ЊC.…”

“…The dark alimentary canal, due to substrate material, and white fat bodies are clearly visible in the translucent body. When ready to pupate, the larva spends 2 d constructing a "cocoon" of silken thread and substrate fragments (Hussey and Gurney 1968). While still in the pupal form, the insect works its way up toward the surface of the casing.…”