Biology, Diversity, Detection and Management of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Causing Vascular Wilt Disease of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus): A Review

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) is the causative agent of Fusarium wilt disease of watermelon; it is the most serious soil-borne pathogen around the globe. The yield loss is around 30–80% or even more, and is presently a major hindrance to watermelon cultivation worldwide. Initially, the infected watermelon plant shows symptoms like loss of turgor pressure of the leaves and vines that can be recovered at night. The progress of the disease in contaminated transplants turns into dull green to yellow and finally necrotic. When the fungus continues to colonize the xylem vessel, it usually forms more tyloses, finally limiting water movement and causing wilt. The correct identification of the pathogen is necessary for proper disease control. As such, the selection of a molecular marker could serve as an effective means of screening the pathogen. Additionally, different methods have also been reported for the identification of Fon. Therefore, this review focused on the comprehensive description of the biology, diversity, detection, aggressiveness, mycotoxin production, and eco-friendly management strategies of the Fusarium wilt disease of watermelon.

Synchronized Efficacy and Mechanism of Alkaline Fertilizer and Biocontrol Fungi for Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

“…Unfortunately, these secretions were accumulated inside of the vessels to form tylosis [ 5 ]. While preventing the spread of pathogens in the vessels, the tylosis blocked the vessels and affected the transport of water and mineral nutrients, ultimately leading to banana wilt and death [ 42 ]. The pathogen in the infected banana could also produce Fusarium acid to harm plants [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Efficacy evaluation of some fumigants against Fusarium oxysporum and enhancement of tomato growth as elicitor-induced defense responses

“…lycopersici , as demonstrated by methyl bromide 6 . Further, if infected seeds are transplanted into previously fumigated fields, the fumigation would have a slightly beneficial effect on controlling the disease 9 .…”

“…In addition, there are several different types of elicitors, classified as biotic or abiotic, general or race-specific, and exogenous or endogenous. The resistance inducers for controlling the diseases have been studied by several researchers in an attempt to minimize the use of pesticides, thus contributing to the advancement of sustainable agriculture 9 . Resistance can be achieved in many vegetable plants by applying various chemical inducers that have been found to increase growth parameters and fruits quality and quantity, such as salicylic, sorbic, and benzoic acids that have been found to be effective for enhancing resistance against several plant pathogens 20 – 22 .…”

Side-Effect of Soil Fumigation and Soil Drench by some Methyl Bromide Alternatives on three Soil Enzyme Activities

“…Because, methyl bromide, which was highly effective to control various soil-pests, has been banned (Noling, 2002), that attributed to environmental hazardous. Researchers have evaluated other alternatives (Mahmoud et al, 2008) but until now, there has been no impressive alternate fumigant proven to be effective against many pests (Rahman et al, 2021). Soil fumigation can control a wide spectrum of pests that find together at the same time (Thompson, 2022).…”