Biology of an Introduced Ambrosia Beetle, Xylosandrus compactus,1 in Florida2

Ngoan, N. D.; Wilkinson, Robert; Short, D. E.; Moses, C. S.; Mangold, John R.

doi:10.1093/aesa/69.5.872

Cited by 72 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The fungicide is absorbed rapidly into the vegetative parts of the plants by the leaves and stems and is translocated acropetally upward in the plants. Thus, the fungicide can easily reach the ambrosia fungal gardens located deep inside the galleries/tunnels in the coffee twigs (Hara and Beardsley, 1976;Ngoan et al, 1976). Secondly, the fact that tebucozanole is equally effective even at half the manufacturer's recommended rate implies that future research can explore the possibilities of using even lower dosages that would minimize costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The beetle cultivates an ambrosia fungus in the bored coffee galleries for feeding its larvae (Hara and Beardsley, 1976;Ngoan et al, 1976). The ambrosia fungus found in the BCTB is Fusarium solani (Martius) Saccardo (Egonyu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…F. solani has been isolated from coffee plant tissues (Serani et al, 2007;Tshilenge et al, 2010) and has been reported to cause cankers, root rot, wilt and dieback symptoms on coffee (Baker, 1972;Venkatasubbaiah et al, 1984;Dudley et al, 2008). Thus, in addition to being a source of food for the young beetles (Hara and Beardsley, 1976;Ngoan et al, 1976), it is most probable that the ambrosia fungus might be pathogenic to the coffee. Fungal pathogens are normally controlled by use of fungicides (Murdoch and Wood, 1972) and a number of in vitro studies have demonstrated that some fungicides may restrict or prevent mycelial growth of many Fusaria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro inhibitory effect of selected fungicides on mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Uganda

Kagezi¹,

Kucel²,

Olal³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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In vitro inhibitory effect of selected fungicides on mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Uganda Black coffee twig borer is a new but rapidly spreading insect pest of coffee in Uganda. Female beetles bore into primary branches/twigs and cultivate an ambrosia fungus for feeding their larvae. Thus, controlling the fungus means depriving the brood a source of food. Three fungicides, chlorothalonil (Glider), tebuconazole (Orius 25EW) and dimethomorph + mancozeb (Volar) were evaluated in vitro for their effectiveness in inhibiting mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the beetle. The pathogen was exposed to four concentrations (1.5x, 1.25x, 1.0x and 0.5x times the manufacturer recommended rate) incorporated into potato dextrose agar using inhibition and food poisoning techniques. The three fungicides inhibited fungal growth to some extent, even at the lowest concentration (0.5x) and percentage inhibition was significantly different (P≤0.05) from each other. Tebucozanole caused 100% growth inhibition irrespective of concentration and technique used while chlorothalonil and dimethomorph + mancozeb caused less than 40% inhibition for both techniques. Therefore, research should determine effectiveness of tebucozanole for suppressing fungal growth under field conditions for diminishing beetle incidence and fungal pathogenic effects in infested branches. This will pave way for integration of use of tebucozanole into overall Integrated Pest Management package (IPM) for the beetle in Uganda.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro inhibitory effect of selected fungicides on mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Uganda

Kagezi¹,

Kucel²,

Olal³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…They then perpetuate the species by dispersing and establishing new colonies. Although some ambrosia beetle species (e.g., Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff) can attack and colonize (establish brood colonies in) healthy trees [64,65], most reproduce only in stressed or dead trees.…”

Section: Ambrosial Symbiosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laurel Wilt in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems: Understanding the Drivers and Scales of Complex Pathosystems

Ploetz

Kendra²,

Choudhury

et al. 2017

Forests

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Laurel wilt kills members of the Lauraceae plant family in the southeastern United States. It is caused by Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich and Aghayeva, a nutritional fungal symbiont of an invasive Asian ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, which was detected in Port Wentworth, Georgia, in 2002. The beetle is the primary vector of R. lauricola in forests along the southeastern coastal plain of the United States, but other ambrosia beetle species that obtained the pathogen after the initial introduction may play a role in the avocado (Persea americana Miller) pathosystem. Susceptible taxa are naïve (new-encounter) hosts that originated outside Asia. In the southeastern United States, over 300 million trees of redbay (P. borbonia (L.) Spreng.) have been lost, and other North American endemics, non-Asian ornamentals and avocado-an important crop that originated in MesoAmerica-are also affected. However, there are no reports of laurel wilt on the significant number of lauraceous endemics that occur in the Asian homeland of R. lauricola and X. glabratus; coevolved resistance to the disease in the region has been hypothesized. The rapid spread of laurel wilt in the United States is due to an efficient vector, X. glabratus, and the movement of wood infested with the insect and pathogen. These factors, the absence of fully resistant genotypes, and the paucity of effective control measures severely constrain the disease's management in forest ecosystems and avocado production areas.

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“…[7,33]). Their association with beetles is unclear: while a few congeners of these fungi appear to be primary nutritional symbionts [33,64], in most cases their irregular presence alongside other nutritional fungi suggest low nutritional value for the beetles [65]. However, it may be that, when the weak pathogenicity of these fungi is combined with increased susceptibility of non-native hosts, it is sufficient to account for the observed tree deaths (e.g.…”

Section: Hypothetical Framework For Understanding Pathogenicity Of Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sudden emergence of pathogenicity in insect–fungus symbioses threatens naive forest ecosystems

2011

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Invasive symbioses between wood-boring insects and fungi are emerging as a new and currently uncontrollable threat to forest ecosystems, as well as fruit and timber industries throughout the world. The bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) constitute the large majority of these pests, and are accompanied by a diverse community of fungal symbionts. Increasingly, some invasive symbioses are shifting from non-pathogenic saprotrophy in native ranges to a prolific tree-killing in invaded ranges, and are causing significant damage. In this paper, we review the current understanding of invasive insect -fungus symbioses. We then ask why some symbioses that evolved as non-pathogenic saprotrophs, turn into major tree-killers in non-native regions. We argue that a purely pathology-centred view of the guild is not sufficient for explaining the lethal encounters between exotic symbionts and naive trees. Instead, we propose several testable hypotheses that, if correct, lead to the conclusion that the sudden emergence of pathogenicity is a new evolutionary phenomenon with global biogeographical dynamics. To date, evidence suggests that virulence of the symbioses in invaded ranges is often triggered when several factors coincide: (i) invasion into territories with naive trees, (ii) the ability of the fungus to either overcome resistance of the naive host or trigger a suicidal over-reaction, and (iii) an 'olfactory mismatch' in the insect whereby a subset of live trees is perceived as dead and suitable for colonization. We suggest that individual cases of tree mortality caused by invasive insect -fungus symbionts should no longer be studied separately, but in a global, biogeographically and phylogenetically explicit comparative framework.

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Biology of an Introduced Ambrosia Beetle, Xylosandrus compactus,1 in Florida2

Cited by 72 publications

References 3 publications

In vitro inhibitory effect of selected fungicides on mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Uganda

In vitro inhibitory effect of selected fungicides on mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Uganda

Laurel Wilt in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems: Understanding the Drivers and Scales of Complex Pathosystems

The sudden emergence of pathogenicity in insect–fungus symbioses threatens naive forest ecosystems

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