Biology of aphid parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) with respect to integrated control

Starý, Petr

doi:10.1007/bf02330200

Cited by 172 publications

(249 citation statements)

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“…The most important parasitoids of S. avenae belong to the Aphidiinae subfamily (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) that are solitary koinobionts, ovipositing one egg per host, rarely two or more (Chua et al, 1990), killing them before the host can reach maturity (Stary, 1970). This parasitoid-host interaction depends on population synchrony that itself is subject to exogenous forces, such as climate, weather, and the agricultural landscape that drive populations at different rates depending on how plastic and adaptable species have become (Harrington et al, 2007;Schellhorn et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale migration synchrony between parasitoids and their host

Pérez-Rodríguez

Shortall

Bell

2015

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. Parasitoids are a valuable group for conservation biological control. In their role as regulators of aphid pests, it is critical that their lifecycle is synchronised with their hosts in both space and time. This is because a synchronised parasitoid community is more likely to strengthen the overall conservation biological control effect, thus damping aphid numbers and preventing potential outbreaks. One component of this host-parasitoid system was examined, that of migration, and the hypothesis that peak summer parasitoid and host migrations are synchronised in time was tested.2. Sitobion avenae Fabricius and six associated parasitoids were sampled from 1976 to 2013 using 12.2-m suction-traps from two sites in Southern England. The relationship between peak weekly S. avenae counts and their parasitoids was quantified.3. Simple regression models showed that the response of the peak parasitoids to the host was positive: generally, more parasitoids migrated with increasing numbers of aphids. Further, when averaged over time, the parasitoid migration peak date corresponded with the aphid migration peak. The co-occurrence of the peaks was between 51% and 64%. However, the summer peak in aphid migration is not steadily shifting forward with time unlike spring first flights of aphids. Cross-correlation analysis showed that there were no between-year lagged effects of aphids on parasitoids.4. These results demonstrate that the peak in migration phenology between host and parasitoid is broadly synchronised within a season. Because the threshold temperature for flight (> 12 ∘ C) was almost always exceeded in summer, the synchronising agent is likely to be crop senescence, not temperature. Studies are needed to assess the effects of climate change on the mismatch potential between parasitoids and their hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale migration synchrony between parasitoids and their host

Pérez-Rodríguez

Shortall

Bell

2015

Ecological Entomology

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“…They are divided into four tribes, Aphidini, Trioxini, Praini and Ephedrini. Several species of Aphidiinae wasps have been successfully used in biological control programs (Carver 1989) and many aspects of their biological cycle have been studied throughout the world (Starý 1970;Sanchis et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and morphological identification of hymenoptran parasitoids from the pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran

Farrokhzadeh¹,

Moravvej²,

Awal³

et al. 2014

Turkish Journal of Entomology

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Parasitoids play the positive role in aphids control management by keeping the population of aphids below the economic threshold. The pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae is attacked by several parasitoids which mostly belong to Aphidiinae subfamily. The identification of parasitoids and hyperparasitoids is problematic due to their small size and ambiguous morphological characteristics. The analysis of molecular data of DNA sequences has been suggested as a complementary approach to the classical methods to identify biocontrol agents. In the present study, active parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of the pomegranate aphid collected from Razavi Khorasan province were identified using morphological characters and analysis of two gene sequences including COI and 28S. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using Maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The identified parasitoids were Binodoxys angelicae, Lysiphlebus fabarum, Ephedrus persicae, and the hyperparasitoids were Syrphophagus aphidivorus, Alloxysta sp. and Pachyneuron sp. We demonstrated that the mitochondrial COI gene was superior for the identification of these insects compared to the nuclear 28S (D2-region) and that it was compatible with morphological studies. This is the first study on molecular identification of the parasitoids and hyperparasitoids on pomegranate aphids in Iran.

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“…The subfamily Aphidiinae includes about 60 genera and subgenera and over than 400 species worldwide (Starý 1988). All of them are exclusively solitary endoparasitoids of aphids (Starý 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in cultivated and non-cultivated areas of Markazi Province, Iran

et al. 2013

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The fauna of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), as well as their diversity and tritrophic (parasitoid-host aphid-host plant) associations in cultivated and non-cultivated areas of Markazi province, was studied during [2004][2005][2006][2007][2008][2009]. Thirty species of Aphidiinae belonging to 9 genera were identified. There are presented, in total, 73 associations with 32 host aphids occurring on 42 host plants. Five parasitoid-aphid associations are newly recorded from Iran. Lysiphlebus cardui (Marshall) is newly recorded for the fauna of Iran. Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) and Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) were the most abundant species in non-cultivated (72.96%) and cultivated (41.17%) areas, respectively. In the non-cultivated areas, L. fabarum was found on eight aphid species, while in cultivated areas it was only found on Aphis craccivora Koch. In cultivated areas, Sitobion avenae (F.) has the greatest diversity of parasitoids (Shanon-Weiner H = 0.875) whereas in non-cultivated areas the greatest diversity of parasitoids was recorded upon Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Shanon-Weiner H = 1.149). Significant differences were found between diversity of two ecosystems based on the overall diversity indices. Both species diversity and evenness were greater in cultivated ecosystems. The results are discussed in relation to the over-all parasitoid-aphid-plant associations in the area.

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Biology of aphid parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) with respect to integrated control

Cited by 172 publications

References 0 publications

Large‐scale migration synchrony between parasitoids and their host

Large‐scale migration synchrony between parasitoids and their host

Molecular and morphological identification of hymenoptran parasitoids from the pomegranate aphid, Aphis punicae in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran

Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in cultivated and non-cultivated areas of Markazi Province, Iran

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