Biology of Fluoro-Organic Compounds

Zhang, Xiaojian; Lai, Ting‐Bong; Kong, Richard Yuen Chong

doi:10.1007/128_2011_270

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Researchers have shown some amounts of these agrochemicals to be present in water in small quantities (except phosphate in higher quantities in reservoir water) some of the affected areas [4,30,68,69], but no data exist indicating that any of these chemicals directly causing CKD-mfo [86][87][88]. In addition, these chemicals are used not only in the CKD-affected areas, but also throughout Sri Lanka and, in fact, globally.…”

Section: Agrochemical (Pesticides and Weedicides) Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escalating chronic kidney diseases of multi-factorial origin in Sri Lanka: causes, solutions, and recommendations

Wimalawansa

2014

Environ Health Prev Med

125

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During the last two decades, Sri Lanka, located close to the equator, has experienced an escalating incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown aetiology (CKDue) in dry zonal areas. Similar incidences of unusual CKDs have been reported in the dry zonal, agricultural areas of several other equatorial countries. In Sri Lanka, the incidence of CKDue is highest in the North Central Province (NCP), where approximately 45 % of the country's paddy fields are located. However, in recent years, the disease has spread into areas adjacent to as well as distant from the NCP. The cause of CKD in Sri Lanka is unknown, and may likely due to interactions of different potential agents; thus, CKD is of multi-factorial origin (CKD-mfo). These factors include, the negative effects from overuse of agrochemicals. Nevertheless, the potential interactions and synergism between probable agents have not been studied. This systematic review discusses the proposed hypotheses and causes of CKD-mfo in Sri Lanka, and ways to decrease the incidence of this disease and to eradicate it, and provide some recommendations. During the past decade, a number of groups have investigated this disorder using different methodologies and reported various correlations, but failed to find a cause. Research has focussed on the contamination of water with heavy metals, agrochemicals, hard water, algae, ionicity, climate change, and so forth. Nevertheless, the levels of any of the pollutants or conditions reported in water in NPC are inconsistent not correlated with the prevalence of the disease, and are too low to be the sole cause of CKD-mfo. Meanwhile, several nephrotoxins prevalent in the region, including medications, leptospirosis, toxic herbs, illicit alcohol, locally grown tobacco, and petrochemicals, as well as the effects of changed habits occured over the past four decades have not been studied to date. Taken together, the geographical distribution and overall findings indicate that combinations of factors and/or their interactions are likely to precipitate CKD-mfo, which kills more than 5,000 people annually in Sri Lanka; most victims are middleaged male farmers. Much anecdotal evidence from this region suggests that consumption of contaminated water is the most likely source of this deadly disease. Although the aetiology is unknown, prevention of this ''environmentally acquired'' disease seems relatively straightforward. Solutions include (a) preventing environmental pollution, (b) stopping the irresponsible use and decreasing the usage of agrochemicals, and encouraging the use of environmentally friendly agricultural methods, (c) taking proper precautions when using agrochemicals and safe disposal of their containers, (d) changing the risky behaviour of farmers and educating them to preserve the environment, and (e) providing clean potable water to all affected regions. Implementing a well-coordinated, in-depth, region-wide, broad-based research study together with a long-term effective surveillance programme across the country i...

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Section: Agrochemical (Pesticides and Weedicides) Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escalating chronic kidney diseases of multi-factorial origin in Sri Lanka: causes, solutions, and recommendations

Wimalawansa

2014

Environ Health Prev Med

125

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“…The bacterial degradation of ethyl 4,4,4‐trifluoro acetoacetate is reported to occur at the C‐4 position (Zhang et al . ). The fluoroacetate is defluorinated by fluoroacetate dehalogenase and is found in Pseudomonas sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A reappraisal on biodegradation of fluoride compounds: role of microbes

Singh

Gothalwal

2017

Water & Environment J

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Fluorine is a highly reactive gas, rarely occurs in nature, in elemental form. Fluorosis is an excruciating and crippling disease caused by fluoride intake. Microbial degradation is cost‐effective and eco‐friendly method of removing fluoride compounds. The enzymes and genes involved in the fluoride‐degrading pathway have been identified and characterised. The in‐silico studies on degradative enzymes and their molecular interaction can be more advantageous in understanding fluoride toxicity and its degradative efficiency. Microbes exhibiting fluoride degradative potential or fluoride adsorption potential can be used for bioremediation of fluoride‐contaminated water. Large population is affected by fluorosis; both the welfare state and researchers are required to address the problem. The microbial degradation of fluoride provides sustainable, cost‐effective and ecofriendly technology. In the present review, an attempt has been made to compile all the available literature related to biodegradation of fluoride compounds.

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“…However, the main focus has been placed on chlorinated and brominated derivatives (see, for example, Reineke and Knackmuss 1988;Engesser and Fischer 1991;Schlömann 1994;Häggblom et al 2000;Pieper et al 2010) with less attention being paid to fluoroaromatics (Neilson and Allard 2002;Natarajan et al 2005;Murphy et al 2009;Murphy 2010;Zhang et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The biodegradation vs. biotransformation of fluorosubstituted aromatics

Kiel

Engesser

2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Fluoroaromatics are widely and--in recent years--increasingly used as agrochemicals, starting materials for chemical syntheses and especially pharmaceuticals. This originates from the special properties the carbon-fluorine bond is imposing on organic molecules. Hence, fluoro-substituted compounds more and more are considered to be important potential environmental contaminants. On the other hand, the microbial potentials for their transformation and mineralization have received less attention in comparison to other haloaromatics. Due to the high electronegativity of the fluorine atom, its small size, and the extraordinary strength of the C-F bond, enzymes and mechanisms known to facilitate the degradation of chloro- or bromoarenes are not necessarily equally active with fluoroaromatics. Here, we review the literature on the microbial degradation of ring and side-chain fluorinated aromatic compounds under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with particular emphasis being placed on the mechanisms of defluorination reactions.

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Biology of Fluoro-Organic Compounds

Cited by 33 publications

References 132 publications

Escalating chronic kidney diseases of multi-factorial origin in Sri Lanka: causes, solutions, and recommendations

Escalating chronic kidney diseases of multi-factorial origin in Sri Lanka: causes, solutions, and recommendations

A reappraisal on biodegradation of fluoride compounds: role of microbes

The biodegradation vs. biotransformation of fluorosubstituted aromatics

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