Biology of metabolic syndrome in a vascular patient

Vykoukal, Daynene

doi:10.1258/vasc.2011.201201

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…While the mechanism underlying metabolic syndrome is poorly understood, insulin resistance appears to be an important factor [ 2 ]. The occurrence of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in metabolic syndrome is associated with endothelial dysfunction and promotion of atherogenesis [ 3 ]. These changes show that patients with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke [ 4 , 5 ], which, together, contribute to the burden of non-communicable diseases [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Coffee Polyphenols Have a Preventive Action on Metabolic Syndrome Associated Endothelial Dysfunctions? An Assessment of the Current Evidence

Yamagata

2018

Antioxidants

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Epidemiologic studies from several countries have found that mortality rates associated with the metabolic syndrome are inversely associated with coffee consumption. Metabolic syndrome can lead to arteriosclerosis by endothelial dysfunction, and increases the risk for myocardial and cerebral infarction. Accordingly, it is important to understand the possible protective effects of coffee against components of the metabolic syndrome, including vascular endothelial function impairment, obesity and diabetes. Coffee contains many components, including caffeine, chlorogenic acid, diterpenes and trigonelline. Studies have found that coffee polyphenols, such as chlorogenic acids, have many health-promoting properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, and antihypertensive properties. Chlorogenic acids may exert protective effects against metabolic syndrome risk through their antioxidant properties, in particular toward vascular endothelial cells, in which nitric oxide production may be enhanced, by promoting endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. These effects indicate that coffee components may support the maintenance of normal endothelial function and play an important role in the prevention of metabolic syndrome. However, results related to coffee consumption and the metabolic syndrome are heterogeneous among studies, and the mechanisms of its functions and corresponding molecular targets remain largely elusive. This review describes the results of studies exploring the putative effects of coffee components, especially in protecting vascular endothelial function and preventing metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Coffee Polyphenols Have a Preventive Action on Metabolic Syndrome Associated Endothelial Dysfunctions? An Assessment of the Current Evidence

Yamagata

2018

Antioxidants

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“…Obese individuals often present with metabolic disorders, such as high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose levels and lipid abnormalities, which promote vascular injury and endothelial dysfunction [ 6 ]. Highlighting the role of inflammation in obesity, adipose tissue from obese individuals is characterized by inflammation and can secrete humoral factors that regulate systemic acute-phase reactants, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) [ 7 , 8 ], as well as inflammatory factors, such as monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) [ 9 ], tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [ 10 ], and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence in Obese Children: Contribution of Hyperlipidemia, Obesity-Inflammation, and Insulin Sensitivity

Chang

Jian²,

Lin

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundEvidence shows a high incidence of insulin resistance, inflammation and dyslipidemia in adult obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of inflammatory markers, circulating lipids, and insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese children.MethodsWe enrolled 45 male children (aged 6 to 13 years, lean control = 16, obese = 19, overweight = 10) in this study. The plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels, the circulating levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1, and the high-sensitive CRP level were determined using quantitative colorimetric sandwich ELISA kits.ResultsCompared with the lean control subjects, the obese subjects had obvious insulin resistance, abnormal lipid profiles, and low-grade inflammation. The overweight subjects only exhibited significant insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Both TNF-α and leptin levels were higher in the overweight/obese subjects. A concurrent correlation analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) percentile and fasting insulin were positively correlated with insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers but negatively correlated with adiponectin. A factor analysis identified three domains that explained 74.08% of the total variance among the obese children (factor 1: lipid, 46.05%; factor 2: obesity-inflammation, 15.38%; factor 3: insulin sensitivity domains, 12.65%).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that lipid, obesity-inflammation, and insulin sensitivity domains predominantly exist among obese children. These factors might be applied to predict the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases in the future.

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“…Insulin resistance is a major component of metabolic syndrome, i.e. a group of risk factors that generally occur together and increase the risk for various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and several other metabolic diseases (Campbell 2011, Karagiannis et al 2012, cerebrovascular and coronary artery diseases (Hadaegh et al 2012, Vykoukal & Davies 2012, neurodegenerative disorders (Kaidanovich-Beilin et al 2012, Talbot et al 2012, infectious diseases (Jeon et al 2012, Witso 2012, and cancer (Byers & Sedjo 2011, Spyridopoulos et al 2012. Due to the ongoing worldwide epidemic of obesity and other insulin resistance-related disorders (Campbell 2011), insulin-like peptides (ILPs), i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin resistance and cancer: the role of insulin and IGFs

Djiogue¹,

Kamdje²,

Vecchio³

et al. 2012

Endocrine-Related Cancer

232

188

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Insulin, IGF1, and IGF2 are the most studied insulin-like peptides (ILPs). These are evolutionary conserved factors well known as key regulators of energy metabolism and growth, with crucial roles in insulin resistance-related metabolic disorders such as obesity, diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as associated immune deregulations. A growing body of evidence suggests that insulin and IGF1 receptors mediate their effects on regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, glucose transport, and energy metabolism by signaling downstream through insulin receptor substrate molecules and thus play a pivotal role in cell fate determination. Despite the emerging evidence from epidemiological studies on the possible relationship between insulin resistance and cancer, our understanding on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that might account for this relationship remains incompletely understood. The involvement of IGFs in carcinogenesis is attributed to their role in linking high energy intake, increased cell proliferation, and suppression of apoptosis to cancer risks, which has been proposed as the key mechanism bridging insulin resistance and cancer. The present review summarizes and discusses evidence highlighting recent advances in our understanding on the role of ILPs as the link between insulin resistance and cancer and between immune deregulation and cancer in obesity, as well as those areas where there remains a paucity of data. It is anticipated that issues discussed in this paper will also recover new therapeutic targets that can assist in diagnostic screening and novel approaches to controlling tumor development.

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Biology of metabolic syndrome in a vascular patient

Cited by 10 publications

References 113 publications

Do Coffee Polyphenols Have a Preventive Action on Metabolic Syndrome Associated Endothelial Dysfunctions? An Assessment of the Current Evidence

Do Coffee Polyphenols Have a Preventive Action on Metabolic Syndrome Associated Endothelial Dysfunctions? An Assessment of the Current Evidence

Evidence in Obese Children: Contribution of Hyperlipidemia, Obesity-Inflammation, and Insulin Sensitivity

Insulin resistance and cancer: the role of insulin and IGFs

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