Evidence in Obese Children: Contribution of Hyperlipidemia, Obesity-Inflammation, and Insulin Sensitivity

Abstract

BackgroundEvidence shows a high incidence of insulin resistance, inflammation and dyslipidemia in adult obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of inflammatory markers, circulating lipids, and insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese children.MethodsWe enrolled 45 male children (aged 6 to 13 years, lean control = 16, obese = 19, overweight = 10) in this study. The plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels, the circulating levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1, and the high-sensitive CRP level were determined using quantitative colorimetric sandwich ELISA kits.ResultsCompared with the lean control subjects, the obese subjects had obvious insulin resistance, abnormal lipid profiles, and low-grade inflammation. The overweight subjects only exhibited significant insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Both TNF-α and leptin levels were higher in the overweight/obese subjects. A concurrent correlation analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) percentile and fasting insulin were positively correlated with insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers but negatively correlated with adiponectin. A factor analysis identified three domains that explained 74.08% of the total variance among the obese children (factor 1: lipid, 46.05%; factor 2: obesity-inflammation, 15.38%; factor 3: insulin sensitivity domains, 12.65%).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that lipid, obesity-inflammation, and insulin sensitivity domains predominantly exist among obese children. These factors might be applied to predict the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases in the future.

Prepubertal Children Exposed to Maternal Gestational Diabetes Have Latent Low-Grade Inflammation

“…To our knowledge, our study is the first one to report the association of maternal GDM with inflammatory markers in prepubertal children. Low-grade inflammation was more evident among obese or overweight children, which is in agreement with previous studies [13, 19]. However, in our study, hs-CRP was higher also in normal-weight GDM children than in control children.…”

“…To our knowledge, there are no previous reports on low-grade inflammation in the GDM offspring studied at prepubertal age, though inflammation is known to be important in the pathogenesis of childhood MetS [13, 19]. In the current study, we investigated the influence of maternal GDM in young children at the median age of 7 years in respect of anthropometric characteristics, lipid and glucose metabolism, and low-grade inflammation.…”

Some Inflammatory and Endothelial Dysfunction Biomarker levels in Obese Pre-pubertal Children

“…This finding has been observed in childrenwith central obesity; these changes are dangerous and they have been correlated with cardiovasculardisease in the general population [43].The correlationanalysis in this study further revealed that insulin resistance, CRP and sICAM were positively correlated with LDL-c while negatively correlated with HDL-c. These findings are in accordance with Chang et al, and they highlighted that childhood weight should have special early attention because insulin resistance,inflammation and dyslipidemia increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults [44]. …”

Association between 14 bp insertion/deletion HLA‐G functional polymorphism and insulin resistance in a cohort of Italian children with obesity

“…The insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in promoting the dysmetabolic state and obesity complications with the chronic low‐grade inflammation underlying these co‐morbidities . The non‐classical HLA‐class I molecule‐g (HLA‐G) has been postulated as an important immune regulator, which both creates a tolerogenic microenvironment at fetal‐maternal interface and reduces the inflammation .…”