Biology of pike,Esox lucius(Esocidae), in the lower plain of Friuli‐Venezia Giulia (north‐eastern Italy)

Spawning population characteristics of pike Esox lucius L. in Lake Rubikiai (Lithuania)

“…The oldest fish caught was 12 years of age. It is reported that the oldest pike are females [21,40,45]. Our studies confirm this assumption.…”

“…Treasurer [39] reported that in two Scottish lakes, Kinord and Davan, the spawning of fishes occurred in the first two weeks of April. According to Avian et al [40] the reproductive period of pike in the immigration ditch Storta in north-eastern Italy was from late March to the end of May. Balik et al [41] reported that in Lake Karamik (Turkey) pike spawned between February and March.…”

“…According to Avian et al [40], some pike males attained maturity at age 1, while females did not attain sexual maturity until aged 2. Mature 1-year-old pike, generally males, were also recorded in Lough Glore (Ireland), whereas females recorded during the same investigation tended to mature at 2 years of age in waters where growth rate was rapid [47].…”

Diets of Micropterus Salmoides Lac. And Esox Lucius L. In Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, Italy) and Their Diet Overlap.

“…That the pike is a piscivorous predator has been demonstrated in numerous studies which showed a predominance of fish in the diet beginning at an early age (AVIAN et al, 1998;FILLEUL and LE LOUARN, 1998;KANGUR and KANGUR, 1998). However in Lake Trasimeno the pike's diet is varied and not exclusively fish-based, but fish were more important in its diet than for largemouth bass.…”

“…In contrast, the piscivorous tendency in E. lucius progressively increases with age, while the crustaceans are a very important component in the diets of younger specimens. The make-up of the sample and the number of empty stomachs prevented the use of the 5+-age class in E. lucius in the comparison but if the sample included more fish in the older age class, the phenomenon would probably be even more evident (RAAT, 1988;AVIAN et al, 1998).…”