Biomarcadores de pronóstico modificables nutricionalmente en el paciente con cáncer colorrectal tras el diagnóstico de la enfermedad

Abstract

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in the Western world. About one million of new CRC cases are diagnosed per year. The survival rate of patients with CRC changes widely, even among patients with the same tumor histology. This is possibly due to the impact of environmental factors on tumor development. The diet is the most important among these factors. It is known that nutrition can modify the risk of CRC. However, the role that nutrition plays in the risk of recurrence or survival in patients with CRC is not known with accuracy. Objetive: The objective of this review was to try to clarify this fact. Material and methods: Collecting the data obtained as of today in the epidemiological studies of association among recurrence, survival or mortality risk of CRC; and vitamins and the body mass index (BMI), to develop a series of nutritional advices to patients. Conclusions: Thanks to the studies discussed in this work, we could conclude that: BMI, retinol and vitamin D, and in some cases folic acid, at the time of disease diagnosis, operate like recurrence and survival prognosis markers in CRC.

Health-Promoting Lifestyle among the Survivors of Colorectal Cancer: An Integrative Review

“…29,33 Therefore, need-based education should be provided to these survivors, their families, and their family caregivers. Moreover, findings showed that health responsibility improves disease prognosis, 39,40,42 reduces the likelihood of recurrence, increases survival rate, and improves quality of life. 17,18,[40][41][42] A study reported that compared with CRC survivors who referred to oncology specialists, those who referred to general physicians were three times more likely to experience cancer-related complications and did not refer to healthcare providers for the second time to analyze the results of their laboratory tests.…”

“…17,42 This highlights the importance of providing these patients and their families with quality education in order to encourage their engagement in self-care and promote their communication with healthcare providers 27 ; otherwise, they may seek health information from unreliable sources which may result in the acquisition of misleading and contradictory information about healthy eating, physical activity, and self-care, delayed recovery, and disease recurrence. 39 Respecting alcohol consumption, some studies reported no significant relationship between alcohol consumption and overall and CRC-related death rates, 40,43 while some studies recommended alcohol abstinence effective in preventing CRC recurrence. 30,40 Smoking in CRC survivors increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, lung cancer, CRC mortality, and overall mortality.…”

“…Improvement of disease prognosis is one of the positive outcomes of HPL which includes reduced overall death rate, reduced cancer-induced death rate, lower risk of recurrence, improved survival rate, and complete cancer eradication. 39,40 Improvement of Physical Conditions HPL improves physical health status through reducing the side effects of treatments, alleviating sleep problems, improving the function of the immune system, 30 improving physical functioning, 41 promoting physical activity, 42 alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms, 32 improving cardiovascular function, 41 and alleviating activity-induced fatigue. 32,35 Improvement of Psychological Conditions HPL among CRC survivors improves psychological status through alleviating depression and improving selfmanagement and self-leadership, motivation, self-image, and emotional well-being.…”