Biomarkers as disease definition: Mantle cell lymphoma as an example

Abstract

The introduction in pathology practice of a new biomarker that is contributing to define a disease requires a series of investigations. Now that new biomarkers are being discovered continuously it is important to learn from successful examples of markers that are presently widely used. In this historical account the steps are described that have led to the use of immunohistochemical staining of tissue samples with an antibody against cyclinD1 to diagnose mantle cell lymphoma. Furthermore, a short outlook is given on the introduction of proteomics as a tool in the diagnosis of lymphoma and the potential route to be taken for introducing this technology into clinical practice.

Penanda Biologis Limfoma Maligna

“…Tahap terakhir adalah laboratorium patologi harus terlibat dalam program quality assurance untuk menjamin bahwa tes biomarker ini benar dilakukan dengan baik. 1,9 Identifikasi dan aplikasi penanda biologi prognosis yang baik dapat membantu menentukan pengobatan yang tepat dan evaluasi luaran pasien dengan akurat. Tujuan pengembangan penanda biologis adalah menggabungkan antara biomarker prognosis dengan faktor risiko klinis sehingga nantinya dapat dikembangkan suatu indeks klinikobiologis kombinasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk identifikasi pasien yang akan berespon terhadap terapi konvensional maupun modern.…”

“…Saat ini telah banyak ditemukan penanda tumor yang memiliki kegunaan untuk deteksi dini atau deteksi kekambuhan penyakit serta memprediksi luaran dari penyakit dengan atau tanpa terapi tertentu. 9,11 Sejak tahun 1965 telah ditemukan beberapa penanda kanker antara lain Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA), Prostat Spesific Antigen (PSA) untuk kanker prostat, CA 19-9 untuk kanker kolorektal dan kanker pankreas, CA 15-3 untuk kanker payudara dan CA-125 untuk kanker ovarium. Biomarker prognosis yang lebih jarang digunakan adalah β -2-microglobulin untuk mieloma dan limfoma.…”

Next generation diagnostic molecular pathology: Critical appraisal of quality assurance in Europe

“…The successful introduction of modern molecular technologies in diagnostic pathology is in our opinion regulated by the profession of the CSMP itself, namely the requirements for training and continuous education, as well as the accreditation of the pathology laboratory (see also van Krieken et al., 2010). The first guarantees the quality of the CSMP, using their knowledge, expertise and skills to come to optimal results and interpretation of the data.…”

New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma: a review of the literature published from November 2010–January 2011

“…They also developed FISH probes to detect this translocation. I have recently described the history of the development of a marker, cyclinD1, in MCL [33], starting with the finding of a translocation: this took many years, indicating the enormous advance there has been in techniques that can be used.…”