2015
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-2949-3
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Biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring of progression, and treatment responses in ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis

Abstract: With the growing awareness of the impact of chronic back pain and axial spondyloarthritis and recent breakthroughs in genetics and the development of novel treatments which may impact best on early disease, the need for markers that can facilitate early diagnosis and profiling those individuals at the highest risk for a bad outcome has never been greater. The genetic basis of ankylosing spondylitis has been considerably advanced, and HLA-B27 testing has a role in the diagnosis. Knowledge is still incomplete of… Show more

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Cited by 94 publications
(91 citation statements)
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“…Association between RNKL expression and bone destruction was confirmed in inflammatory joints using animal model and the inflammatory cytokines of RANKL/OPG axis showed essential roles in AS process (4,17). In addition, MMPs upregulation, especially for MMP3, has been detected in AS serum and thus could be used as biomarkers for AS diagnosis (6,18).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…Association between RNKL expression and bone destruction was confirmed in inflammatory joints using animal model and the inflammatory cytokines of RANKL/OPG axis showed essential roles in AS process (4,17). In addition, MMPs upregulation, especially for MMP3, has been detected in AS serum and thus could be used as biomarkers for AS diagnosis (6,18).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…IL-6 in a great extent participates in initiation and maintenance of inflammation, and is involved in the production of acute phase reactants, including C-reactive protein (CRP). Besides, initiation and progression of AS, determined by the adaptive T cell immunity 58 . The 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D), operates as a regulator by reducing the aforementioned proinflammatory cytokines 59,60 .…”
Section: Vitamin D and Severity Of Asmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ASDAS combines patient-reported assessments with measurements of acute phase reactant (C-reactive protein [CRP] or erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) levels; however, it is based largely on subjective measures. Thus, despite biomarkers that reproducibly assess disease activity in axSpA are needed, there is no reliable and specific biomarker for axSpA [5].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%