Biomarkers in Child and Adolescent Depression

Zwolińska, Weronika; Dmitrzak‐Węglarz, Monika; Słopień, Agnieszka

doi:10.1007/s10578-021-01246-y

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…Regarding potential biological mechanisms for the BCAAdepression associations, the energy metabolism pathways seem a plausible explanation. This pathway is one of the main categories of mechanisms of depression (Strawbridge et al, 2017;Zwolinska et al, 2021), and there are known links between BCAAs and, for example, obesity (Pietilainen et al, 2008), BMI (Bogl et al, 2016), and diabetes (Wang et al, 2011). These conditions--obesity, high BMI, and diabetes--are also associated with depression (Pan et al, 2012a,b;Milaneschi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biology of depression has been a focus of investigation for decades, and while much has been discovered, we still require new approaches to elucidate mechanisms. Reviews of depression indicate at least five major biological systems are involved in depression, namely, inflammation, neuroendocrine, neurotransmitter, growth factor, and metabolic (Strawbridge et al, 2017;Zwolinska et al, 2021); biomarkers in these areas have been investigated using many approaches, including genetics (Flint and Kendler, 2014), epigenetics (Dalton et al, 2014), metabolomics (Bot et al, 2020), and the gut microbiome (Qin et al, 2022). Metabolomic investigations have been used in studies of somatic health conditions for many years and have more recently been used in psychiatry (Martins-de-Souza, 2014;Guest et al, 2016;Bot et al, 2020;Pu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most depression biomarker investigations have used clinical datasets and/or adult samples (Baranyi et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2017;Bot et al, 2020), while population-based cohorts and younger age samples are less common (Zwolinska et al, 2021). Since there appears to be a distinction between juvenileonset and adult-onset depression (Jaffee et al, 2002), there is a strong need to investigate depression in both young and adult populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Branched-chain amino acids linked to depression in young adults

et al. 2022

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Depression is a heterogeneous mental health problem affecting millions worldwide, but a majority of individuals with depression do not experience relief from initial treatments. Therefore, we need to improve our understanding of the biology of depression. Metabolomic approaches, especially untargeted ones, can suggest new hypotheses for further exploring biological mechanisms. Using the FinnTwin12 cohort, a longitudinal Finnish population-based twin cohort, with data collected in adolescence and young adulthood including 725 blood plasma samples, we investigated associations between depression and 11 low–molecular weight metabolites (amino acids and ketone bodies). In linear regression models with the metabolite (measured at age 22) as the dependent variable and depression ratings (measured at age 12, 14, 17, or 22 from multiple raters) as independent variables [adjusted first for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and additional covariates (later)], we initially identified a significant negative association of valine with depression. Upon further analyses, valine remained significantly negatively associated with depression cross-sectionally and over time [meta-analysis beta = −13.86, 95% CI (−18.48 to −9.25)]. Analyses of the other branched-chain amino acids showed a significant negative association of leucine with depression [meta-analysis beta = −9.24, 95% CI (−14.53 to −3.95)], while no association was observed between isoleucine and depression [meta-analysis beta = −0.95, 95% CI (−6.00 to 4.11)]. These exploratory epidemiologic findings support further investigations into the role of branched-chain amino acids in depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Branched-chain amino acids linked to depression in young adults

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, rumination has also been reported as a factor associated with cognitive vulnerability in depression in adolescents ( Hankin, 2008 ; Jacobs et al, 2008 ). Genetic studies examining candidate genes for rumination in children and adolescents confirmed that variations in the BDNF and serotonin genes were associated with rumination propensity, suggesting a possible role for BDNF as a biomarker for the incidence of rumination regarding life stress as well ( Beevers et al, 2009 ; Zwolinska et al, 2021 ). Moreover, the effect of stress on BDNF expression in adolescence was found to be different from that in adulthood in rodents ( Bath et al, 2013 ; Lee et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor In the Development Of Adol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression in Adolescence and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Lee

Shin²,

Song³

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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The incidence of depression among adolescents has been rapidly increasing in recent years. Environmental and genetic factors have been identified as important risk factors for adolescent depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of adolescent depression that are triggered by these risk factors are not well understood. Clinical and preclinical studies have focused more on adult depression, and differences in depressive symptoms between adolescents and adults make it difficult to adequately diagnose and treat adolescent depression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders, including depression. However, there are still few studies on adolescent depression. Therefore, in this review paper, the causes and treatment of adolescent depression and the function of BDNF are investigated.

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“…Early diagnosis and treatment contribute to decreasing MDD severity and improving the well-being and prognosis of MDD patients. Due to lack of effective and specific indicators, the diagnosis of MDD is based on patients' clinical symptoms, which is more tricky for adolescents as the manifestation of MDD among them is less typical than among adults (5,6). Therefore, identifying potential biomarkers of depression is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of MDD, and studies on MDD among adolescent population are necessary and urgent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormalities in Electroencephalographic Microstates Among Adolescents With First Episode Major Depressive Disorder

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Recent studies have reported changes in the electroencephalograms (EEG) of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little research has explored EEG differences between adolescents with MDD and healthy controls, particularly EEG microstates differences. The aim of the current study was to characterize EEG microstate activity in adolescents with MDD and healthy controls (HCs).Methods: A total of 35 adolescents with MDD and 35 HCs were recruited in this study. The depressive symptoms were assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the anxiety symptoms were assessed by Chinese version of DSM-5 Level 2-Anxiety-Child scale. A 64-channel EEG was recorded for 5 min (eye closed, resting-state) and analyzed using microstate analysis. Microstate properties were compared between groups and correlated with patients' depression scores.Results: We found increased occurrence and contribution of microstate B in MDD patients compared to HCs, and decreased occurrence and contribution of microstate D in MDD patients compared to HCs. While no significant correlation between depression severity (HAMD score) and the microstate metrics (occurrence and contribution of microstate B and D) differing between MDD adolescents and HCs was found.Conclusions: Adolescents with MDD showed microstate B and microstate D changes. The obtained results may deepen our understanding of dynamic EEG changes among adolescents with MDD and provide some evidence of changes in brain development in adolescents with MDD.

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Biomarkers in Child and Adolescent Depression

Cited by 24 publications

References 125 publications

Branched-chain amino acids linked to depression in young adults

Branched-chain amino acids linked to depression in young adults

Depression in Adolescence and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Abnormalities in Electroencephalographic Microstates Among Adolescents With First Episode Major Depressive Disorder

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