Biomarkers of alveolar bone resorption in gingival crevicular fluid: A systematic review

Almehmadi, Ahmad H.; Alghamdi, Faisal

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.004

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Concentration of GCF IL-1β and TNF-α were extensively studied in local inflammatory conditions as periodontitis 35,36,37,38 and perimplantitis 39,40,41,42,43,44 or even as a systemic inflammatory condition like diabetes 45,46 or connective tissue disease 47,48,49,50 . Comparing to these inflammatory conditions, cytokines were infrequently investigated in dental caries, especially in GCF of caries teeth 51,52,53 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dental caries and restorative biomaterials on IL-1 β and TNF-α levels in the gingival crevicular fluid

et al. 2021

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Background/Aim.To estimate the concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β TNF-in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from caries affected teeth and intact teeth, and to correlate them with caries extension, tooth position, and different restorative biomaterials. Methods.GCF samples were collected from the 90 periodontally healthy patients demonstrating at least one tooth with proximal caries and one intact tooth, at the baseline, 7 and 30 days post-treatment. The biomarkers profile was investigated in relation to the different level of caries extension (superficial, pulpitis, gangrenous, root affection), defect size and restorative biomaterial. Results. Before therapy, caries level was significantly associated with GCF IL-1β concentration, demonstrating lowest level in gangrenous (C4) and superficial caries (C2). 30d after therapy, root affection (C5) was characterized by the highest IL-1β concentration. Different dental fillings showed various GCF cytokine change. CPC induced a significant IL-1β increase in more than 70% of treated patients. Caries lesion size was insignificantly associated with GCF levels of these proinflammatory cytokines, where larger defects were followed with average cytokine increase. Considering tooth position, before therapy, IL-1β had the highest level in GCF samples from caries affected canines and second molars while TNF-α showed highest levels from canines GCF. Dental restoration induced cytokine increase in canines (IL-1β and TNF-α), 1st and 2nd molars GCF (IL-1β). Conclusion. Before inflammation intensity of tooth structures was directly reflected with IL-1β and TNF-α concentration. Dental restoration significantly affects IL-1β and TNF-α depending on the used dental filling-type material. Profile of these cytokines varied in GCF samples of the tooth with different anatomical position, where canines and molars demonstrated the highest level. An increase of these proinflammatory cytokines in the absence of any symptomatic manifestation of inflammatory response has to be reconsidered as a possible tooth reparation parametar. Clinical relevance. The concentration of GCF cytokines is illustrative in depicting processes in tooth structures. Their relevance must be inspected with aspects of tooth position and caries lesion level. Different impact of dental restoration materials on GCF IL-1β and TNF-αcould be used as parameter for estimating local inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dental caries and restorative biomaterials on IL-1 β and TNF-α levels in the gingival crevicular fluid

et al. 2021

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“…CatK is a known marker of bone turnover due to its key role in remodeling and cartilage breakdown in bone by hydrolyzing extracellular bone matrix proteins. CatK is highly and quite selectively expressed in active, resorbing osteoclasts [48]. This suggests its role in the pathogenesis of PI.…”

Section: Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Peri-Implantitis Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Biomarkers in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid: A Narrative Review

2019

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Dental implant diseases, peri-implantitis (PI) and peri-implant mucositis (PIM), have shown wide prevalence in recent studies. Despite the prevalence, diagnosing peri-implant disease (PID) remains challenging as common diagnostic methods of periodontal probing and radiographs may be inaccurate. These methods only document pre-existing destruction rather than current disease activity. Furthermore, there is no current model to predict the progression of PID. Though a predictive model is lacking, biomarkers may offer some potential. Biomarkers are commonly used in medicine to objectively determine disease state, or responses to a therapeutic intervention. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers have moderate diagnostic validity in periodontitis. Biomarkers in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) also show promising results in regard to their diagnostic and prognostic value. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of PICF biomarkers in the diagnosis of PID and evaluate their validity to predict disease progression. This review found that PICF studies utilize different methods of sampling and interpretation with varying validity (sensitivity and specificity). A number of promising diagnostic techniques were identified. Commercially available chair-side tests for MMP-8 to diagnose periodontal disease and PID activity are now available. Future directions include proteomics and metabolomics for accurate, site-specific diagnosis and prediction of PID progression. Although more research is needed, this review concludes that the assessment of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, MMP-8) in the PICF may be of value to diagnose PI and PIM but current research remains insufficient to indicate whether biomarkers predict peri-implant disease progression.

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“…IL-1β is an important proinflammatory cytokine that is normally produced by dendritic cells, monocytes, T cells, and macrophages [105]. IL-1β enhances osteoclast formation and bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis, periodontal diseases, and osteoporosis [106][107][108]. Treatment with exogenous cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, and in combination of IL-6, upregulates IL-1β expression in human osteocytes [28].…”

Section: Il-1βmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteocyte-Related Cytokines Regulate Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption

Kitaura

Marahleh

Ohori

et al. 2020

IJMS

226

131

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The process of bone remodeling is the result of the regulated balance between bone cell populations, namely bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the osteocyte, the mechanosensory cell type. Osteoclasts derived from the hematopoietic stem cell lineage are the principal cells involved in bone resorption. In osteolytic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, and osteoporosis, the balance is lost and changes in favor of bone resorption. Therefore, it is vital to elucidate the mechanisms of osteoclast formation and bone resorption. It has been reported that osteocytes express Receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL), an essential factor for osteoclast formation. RANKL secreted by osteocytes is the most important factor for physiologically supported osteoclast formation in the developing skeleton and in pathological bone resorption such as experimental periodontal bone loss. TNF-α directly enhances RANKL expression in osteocytes and promotes osteoclast formation. Moreover, TNF-α enhances sclerostin expression in osteocytes, which also increases osteoclast formation. These findings suggest that osteocyte-related cytokines act directly to enhance osteoclast formation and bone resorption. In this review, we outline the most recent knowledge concerning bone resorption-related cytokines and discuss the osteocyte as the master regulator of bone resorption and effector in osteoclast formation.

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Biomarkers of alveolar bone resorption in gingival crevicular fluid: A systematic review

Cited by 31 publications

References 28 publications

The effect of dental caries and restorative biomaterials on IL-1 β and TNF-α levels in the gingival crevicular fluid

The effect of dental caries and restorative biomaterials on IL-1 β and TNF-α levels in the gingival crevicular fluid

Peri-Implantitis Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Biomarkers in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid: A Narrative Review

Osteocyte-Related Cytokines Regulate Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption

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