BIOMASS AND TOXICITY RESPONSES OF POISON IVY (TOXICODENDRON RADICANS) TO ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO<sub>2</sub>: REPLY

Mohan, Jacqueline E.; Ziska, Lewis H.; Thomas, Randall S.; Sicher, Richard C.; George, K.; Clark, James S.; Schlesinger, William H.

doi:10.1890/07-0660.1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Given these results, we add Centaurea to a short but growing list of noxious (Mohan et al 2006) and invasive (Smith et al 2000, Belote et al 2003, Ha¨ttenschwiler and Ko¨rner 2003 plants demonstrated to dramatically benefit from CO 2 in community settings, and to the longer list of invasives that benefit from increased N availability (Dukes and Mooney 1999, Scherer-Lorenzen et al 2007, Blumenthal et al 2009, Gonzalez et al 2010. Atmospheric CO 2 concentrations are increasing by ;2 ppm/yr around the globe (Canadell et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong response of an invasive plant species (Centaurea solstitialisL.) to global environmental changes

Dukes

Chiariello

Loarie

et al. 2011

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Global environmental changes are altering interactions among plant species, sometimes favoring invasive species. Here, we examine how a suite of five environmental factors, singly and in combination, can affect the success of a highly invasive plant. We introduced Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle), which is considered by many to be California's most troublesome wildland weed, to grassland plots in the San Francisco Bay Area. These plots experienced ambient or elevated levels of warming, atmospheric CO 2 , precipitation, and nitrate deposition, and an accidental fire in the previous year created an additional treatment. Centaurea grew more than six times larger in response to elevated CO 2 , and, outside of the burned area, grew more than three times larger in response to nitrate deposition. In contrast, resident plants in the community responded less strongly (or did not respond) to these treatments. Interactive effects among treatments were rarely significant. Results from a parallel mesocosm experiment, while less dramatic, supported the pattern of results observed in the field. Taken together, our results suggest that ongoing environmental changes may dramatically increase Centaurea's prevalence in western North America.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong response of an invasive plant species (Centaurea solstitialisL.) to global environmental changes

Dukes

Chiariello

Loarie

et al. 2011

Ecological Applications

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“…Finally, the increased abundance of woody vines that has been observed in temperate forests over the last few decades (Myster and Pickett 1992;Dillenburg et al 1995;Allen et al 2007), apparently associated with increases in atmospheric CO 2 (Mohan et al 2006(Mohan et al , 2008, and the related decline in forest regeneration (Myster and Pickett 1992;Dillenburg et al 1995;Laurance et al 2001;Phillips et al 2002) make future forest establishment, composition, and structure even less certain.…”

Section: Paleoecological and Modern Evidence Of Climate Change Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and carbon dynamics of forests in northeastern North America in a future, warmer worldThis article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada.

2009

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Increasing temperatures, precipitation extremes, and other anthropogenic influences (pollutant deposition, increasing carbon dioxide) will influence future forest composition and productivity in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. This synthesis of empirical and modeling studies includes tree DNA evidence suggesting tree migrations since the last glaciation were much slower, at least under postglacial conditions, than is needed to keep up with current and future climate warming. Exceedances of US and Canadian ozone air quality standards are apparent and offset CO 2 -induced gains in biomass and predispose trees to other stresses. The deposition of nitrogen and sulfate in the northeastern United States changes forest nutrient availability and retention, reduces reproductive success and frost hardiness, causes physical damage to leaf surfaces, and alters performance of forest pests and diseases. These interacting stresses may increase future tree declines and ecosystem disturbances during transition to a warmer climate. Recent modeling work predicts warmer climates will increase suitable habitat (not necessarily actual distribution) for most tree species in the northeastern United States. Species whose habitat is declining in the northeastern United States currently occur in Canadian forests and may expand northward with warming. Paleoecological studies suggest local factors may interact with, even overwhelm, climatic effects, causing lags and thresholds leading to sudden large shifts in vegetation.Résumé : L'augmentation des températures, les extrêmes de précipitation et d'autres facteurs anthropogéniques (les dépôts d'agents polluants, l'augmentation du dioxyde de carbone) influenceront la composition et la productivité future des forêts du nord-est des É tats-Unis et de l'est du Canada. Cette synthèse d'études empiriques et de modélisation inclut des preuves basées sur l'ADN des arbres qui indiquent que les migrations d'arbres depuis la dernière glaciation ont été beaucoup plus lentes, du moins dans les conditions qui ont suivi la glaciation, qu'elles devraient l'être pour suivre le rythme du ré-chauffement actuel et futur du climat. Les dépassements des normes de qualité de l'air des É tats-Unis et du Canada pour l'ozone sont apparents; ils annulent les gains de biomasse dus au CO2 -et prédisposent les arbres à d'autres stress. Les dé-pôts d'azote et de sulfates dans le nord-est modifient la disponibilité et la rétention des nutriments dans les forêts, rédui-sent le succès de reproduction et la résistance au gel, causent des dommages physiques à la surface des feuilles et modifient la performance des organismes nuisibles et des maladies des arbres. Ces stress qui interagissent les uns avec les autres pourraient accentuer le dépérissement des arbres et la perturbation des écosystèmes durant la période de transition vers un climat plus chaud. Des travaux récents de modélisation prédisent que des conditions climatiques plus chaudes augmenteront les habitats (pas nécessairement l'aire de r...

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Forests and Climate Change in the Southeast USA

Ingram

Dow

Carter

et al. 2013

Climate of the Southeast United States

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BIOMASS AND TOXICITY RESPONSES OF POISON IVY (TOXICODENDRON RADICANS) TO ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO₂: REPLY

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Strong response of an invasive plant species (Centaurea solstitialisL.) to global environmental changes

Strong response of an invasive plant species (Centaurea solstitialisL.) to global environmental changes

Composition and carbon dynamics of forests in northeastern North America in a future, warmer worldThis article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada.

Forests and Climate Change in the Southeast USA

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BIOMASS AND TOXICITY RESPONSES OF POISON IVY (TOXICODENDRON RADICANS) TO ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2: REPLY

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Strong response of an invasive plant species (Centaurea solstitialisL.) to global environmental changes

Strong response of an invasive plant species (Centaurea solstitialisL.) to global environmental changes

Composition and carbon dynamics of forests in northeastern North America in a future, warmer worldThis article is one of a selection of papers from NE Forests 2100: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Forests of the Northeastern US and Eastern Canada.

Forests and Climate Change in the Southeast USA

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Product

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About

BIOMASS AND TOXICITY RESPONSES OF POISON IVY (TOXICODENDRON RADICANS) TO ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO₂: REPLY