Biomass‐Derived Carbons for Sodium‐Ion Batteries and Sodium‐Ion Capacitors

Abstract

In the past decade, the rapid development of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and electrical devices has stimulated extensive interest in fundamental research and the commercialization of electrochemical energy‐storage systems. Biomass‐derived carbon has garnered significant research attention as an efficient, inexpensive, and eco‐friendly active material for energy‐storage systems. Therefore, high‐performance carbonaceous materials, derived from renewable sources, have been utilized as electrode materials in sodium‐ion batteries and sodium‐ion capacitors. Herein, the charge‐storage mechanism and utilization of biomass‐derived carbon for sodium storage in batteries and capacitors are summarized. In particular, the structure–performance relationship of biomass‐derived carbon for sodium storage in the form of batteries and capacitors is discussed. Despite the fact that further research is required to optimize the process and application of biomass‐derived carbon in energy‐storage devices, the current review demonstrates the potential of carbonaceous materials for next‐generation sodium‐related energy‐storage applications.

Untra‐high pseudocapacitance enhanced anode of N, P dual‐doped carbon nanosheet derived from biomass toward high performance sodium ion battery

“…To our knowledge, the high ICE of 90% for N, P‐CNS sample is better than that of other reported biomass derived carbon materials for sodium ion batteries. [ 24,25,28,29 ] N, P‐CNS electrode demonstrates a high Na + storage capacity about 332 mAh g –1 after 200 cycles, indicating excellent sodium ion storage performance. Porous carbon sample showed relatively poor electrochemical performance.…”

“…The utilization of biomass for carbon production is a cost‐effective and eco‐friendly approach because it enables recyclability of different waste materials. [ 29 ] Various biomass materials such as lotus stem, [ 14 ] peat moss, [ 22 ] spring onion peel, [ 24 ] corn stalks [ 28 ] and so on had been used as the carbon source to get new carbon materials as anode for SIBs. Although most of these carbon materials derived from biomass can demonstrate a considerable specific capacity, their low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor rate performance should be overcome for application.…”

Comprehensive Understanding of Sodium‐Ion Capacitors: Definition, Mechanisms, Configurations, Materials, Key Technologies, and Future Developments

“…Although the radius of sodium ions is larger than that of lithium ions (0.102 vs 0.076 nm), the resources and abundance of sodium in the earth are unmatched by lithium. [ 55–62 ] Moreover, the size of sodium ions in the solution are relatively small (compared with potassium ions) and can diffuse faster than other ions, so the sodium ions in the solution have a higher ionic conductivity. [ 63 ] Sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) could be utilized in construction machine, forklift, crane, photovoltaics, wind farm and medical machine according to Musashi Energy Solutions Co., Ltd.…”

In Situ Hard‐Template Synthesis of Hollow Bowl‐Like Carbon: A Potential Versatile Platform for Sodium and Zinc Ion Capacitors

“…Different from rocking-chair SIBs, sodium-ion capacitors (SICs) utilize both cations (e.g., Na + ) and anions (e.g., ClO 4 − ) to simultaneously store energy. [7][8][9][10][11] In a typical SIC, the anode involves intercalation of Na ions, while the cathode is based on the surface-driven physisorption on the porous carbon surface. That is to say, the drawback of Na + is present in only one electrode of the SIC system.…”